diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index a48d2bf..1324b66 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ build_dir
 obj_dir
 elf_to_hex
 Mem.hex
-exe*
 *.log
 Tests/Logs
 *_edited.v
diff --git a/builds/RV64ACDFIMSUxCHERI_Toooba_bluesim/exe_HW_sim b/builds/RV64ACDFIMSUxCHERI_Toooba_bluesim/exe_HW_sim
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a9fb715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builds/RV64ACDFIMSUxCHERI_Toooba_bluesim/exe_HW_sim
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+BLUESPECDIR=`echo 'puts $env(BLUESPECDIR)' | bluetcl`
+
+for arg in $@
+do
+  if (test "$arg" = "-h")
+  then
+    exec $BLUESPECDIR/tcllib/bluespec/bluesim.tcl $0.so mkTop_HW_Side --script_name `basename $0` -h
+  fi
+done
+exec $BLUESPECDIR/tcllib/bluespec/bluesim.tcl $0.so mkTop_HW_Side --script_name `basename $0` --creation_time 1770243680 "$@"
diff --git a/builds/RV64ACDFIMSUxCHERI_Toooba_bluesim/exe_HW_sim.so b/builds/RV64ACDFIMSUxCHERI_Toooba_bluesim/exe_HW_sim.so
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..49965c9
Binary files /dev/null and b/builds/RV64ACDFIMSUxCHERI_Toooba_bluesim/exe_HW_sim.so differ
diff --git a/src_Core/RISCY_OOO/procs/lib/Exec.bsv b/src_Core/RISCY_OOO/procs/lib/Exec.bsv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccc0c00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src_Core/RISCY_OOO/procs/lib/Exec.bsv
@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
+//
+//-
+// RVFI_DII + CHERI modifications:
+//     Copyright (c) 2020 Alexandre Joannou
+//     Copyright (c) 2020 Peter Rugg
+//     Copyright (c) 2020 Jonathan Woodruff
+//     Copyright (c) 2021 Marno van der Maas
+//     All rights reserved.
+//
+//     This software was developed by SRI International and the University of
+//     Cambridge Computer Laboratory (Department of Computer Science and
+//     Technology) under DARPA contract HR0011-18-C-0016 ("ECATS"), as part of the
+//     DARPA SSITH research programme.
+//
+//     This work was supported by NCSC programme grant 4212611/RFA 15971 ("SafeBet").
+//-
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+// restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+// modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+// of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+// BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+// ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+// CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+`include "ProcConfig.bsv"
+
+import Types::*;
+import ProcTypes::*;
+import Vector::*;
+import CHERICap::*;
+import CHERICC_Fat::*;
+import ISA_Decls_CHERI::*;
+import CacheUtils::*; // For CLoadTags alignment
+
+(* noinline *)
+function Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) capChecksExec(CapPipe a, CapPipe b, CapPipe ddc, CapChecks toCheck, ImmData imm);
+    function Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) e1(CHERIException e)   = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: toCheck.rn1, cheri_exc_code: e});
+    function Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) e2(CHERIException e)   = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: toCheck.rn2, cheri_exc_code: e});
+    function Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) eDDC(CHERIException e) = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1, pack(scrAddrDDC)}, cheri_exc_code: e});
+    Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) result = Invalid;
+    if (toCheck.src1_tag                  && !isValidCap(a))
+        result = e1(cheriExcTagViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src2_tag                  && !isValidCap(b))
+        result = e2(cheriExcTagViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src1_unsealed_or_sentry   && isValidCap(a) && (getKind(a) != UNSEALED) && (getKind(a) != SENTRY))
+        result = e1(cheriExcSealViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src1_unsealed_or_imm_zero && isValidCap(a) && (getKind(a) != UNSEALED) && (imm != 0))
+        result = e1(cheriExcSealViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src1_sealed_with_type     && (getKind (a) matches tagged SEALED_WITH_TYPE .t ? False : True))
+        result = e1(cheriExcSealViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src2_sealed_with_type     && (getKind (b) matches tagged SEALED_WITH_TYPE .t ? False : True))
+        result = e2(cheriExcSealViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src1_type_not_reserved    && !validAsType(a, zeroExtend(getKind(a).SEALED_WITH_TYPE)))
+        result = e1(cheriExcTypeViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src1_src2_types_match     && getKind(a).SEALED_WITH_TYPE != getKind(b).SEALED_WITH_TYPE)
+        result = e1(cheriExcTypeViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src1_permit_ccall         && !getHardPerms(a).permitCCall)
+        result = e1(cheriExcPermitCCallViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src2_permit_ccall         && !getHardPerms(b).permitCCall)
+        result = e2(cheriExcPermitCCallViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src1_permit_x             && !getHardPerms(a).permitExecute)
+        result = e1(cheriExcPermitXViolation);
+    else if (toCheck.src2_no_permit_x          && getHardPerms(b).permitExecute)
+        result = e2(cheriExcPermitXViolation);
+    return result;
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) capChecksMem(CapPipe auth, CapPipe data, CapChecks toCheck, MemFunc mem_func, ByteOrTagEn byteOrTagEn);
+    function Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) eAuth(CHERIException e)   = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: case (toCheck.check_authority_src) matches Src1: toCheck.rn1;
+                                                                                                                                       Ddc: {1'b1, pack(scrAddrDDC)};
+                                                                                              endcase
+                                                                             , cheri_exc_code: e});
+    Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) result = Invalid;
+    match {.isLoad, .isStore} = case (mem_func)
+        Ld, Lr: tuple2(True, False);
+        St, Sc: tuple2(False, True);
+        Amo:    tuple2(True, True);
+    endcase;
+    Bool storeValidCap = isStore && isValidCap(data) && byteOrTagEn == DataMemAccess(replicate(True));
+    if      (!isValidCap(auth))
+        result = eAuth(cheriExcTagViolation);
+    else if (getKind(auth) != UNSEALED)
+        result = eAuth(cheriExcSealViolation);
+    else if (isLoad && !getHardPerms(auth).permitLoad)
+        result = eAuth(cheriExcPermitRViolation);
+    else if (isLoad && !getHardPerms(auth).permitLoadCap && byteOrTagEn == TagMemAccess)
+        result = eAuth(cheriExcPermitRCapViolation);
+    else if (isStore && !getHardPerms(auth).permitStore)
+        result = eAuth(cheriExcPermitWViolation);
+    else if (storeValidCap && !getHardPerms(auth).permitStoreCap)
+        result = eAuth(cheriExcPermitWCapViolation);
+    else if (storeValidCap && !getHardPerms(auth).permitStoreLocalCap && !getHardPerms(data).global)
+        result = eAuth(cheriExcPermitWLocalCapViolation);
+    return result;
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function Maybe#(BoundsCheck) prepareBoundsCheck(CapPipe a, CapPipe b, CapPipe pcc,
+                                                CapPipe ddc, Data vaddr, Bit#(TAdd#(CacheUtils::LogCLineNumMemDataBytes,1)) size, // These two are only used in the memory pipe. May factor into two functions later.
+                                                CapChecks toCheck);
+    BoundsCheck ret = ?;
+    CapPipe authority = ?;
+    case(toCheck.check_authority_src)
+        Src1: begin
+            authority = a;
+            ret.authority_idx = toCheck.rn1;
+        end
+        Src2: begin
+            authority = b;
+            ret.authority_idx = toCheck.rn2;
+        end
+        Pcc: begin
+            authority = pcc;
+            ret.authority_idx = {1'b1, pack(scrAddrPCC)};
+        end
+        Ddc: begin
+            authority = ddc;
+            ret.authority_idx = {1'b1, pack(scrAddrDDC)};
+        end
+    endcase
+    ret.authority_base = getBase(authority);
+    ret.authority_top = getTop(authority);
+
+    case(toCheck.check_low_src)
+        Src1Addr: ret.check_low = getAddr(a);
+        Src1Base: ret.check_low = getBase(a);
+        Src1Type: ret.check_low = zeroExtend(getKind(a).SEALED_WITH_TYPE);
+        Src2Addr: ret.check_low = getAddr(b);
+        Vaddr:    ret.check_low = vaddr;
+    endcase
+
+    case(toCheck.check_high_src)
+        Src1AddrPlus2: ret.check_high = {1'b0,getAddr(a)+2};
+        Src1Top: ret.check_high = getTop(a);
+        Src1Type: ret.check_high = zeroExtend(getKind(a).SEALED_WITH_TYPE);
+        Src2Addr: ret.check_high = {1'b0,getAddr(b)};
+        ResultTop: ret.check_high = {1'b0,getAddr(a)} + {1'b0,getAddr(b)};
+        VaddrPlusSize: ret.check_high = {1'b0,vaddr} + zeroExtend(size);
+    endcase
+
+    ret.check_inclusive = toCheck.check_inclusive;
+    if (toCheck.check_enable) return Valid(ret);
+    else                      return Invalid;
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function Data alu(Data a, Data b, AluFunc func);
+    Data res = (case(func)
+            Add     : (a + b);
+            Addw    : signExtend((a + b)[31:0]);
+            Sub     : (a - b);
+            Subw    : signExtend((a[31:0] - b[31:0])[31:0]);
+            And     : (a & b);
+            Or      : (a | b);
+            Xor     : (a ^ b);
+            Slt     : zeroExtend( pack( signedLT(a, b) ) );
+            Sltu    : zeroExtend( pack( a < b ) );
+            Sll     : (a << b[5:0]);
+            Sllw    : signExtend((a[31:0] << b[4:0])[31:0]);
+            Srl     : (a >> b[5:0]);
+            Sra     : signedShiftRight(a, b[5:0]);
+            Srlw    : signExtend((a[31:0] >> b[4:0])[31:0]);
+            Sraw    : signExtend(signedShiftRight(a[31:0], b[4:0])[31:0]);
+            Csrw    : b;
+            Csrs    : (a | b); // same as Or
+            Csrc    : (a & ~b);
+            default : 0;
+        endcase);
+    return res;
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function CapPipe setBoundsALU(CapPipe cap, Data len, SetBoundsFunc boundsOp);
+    let combinedResult = setBoundsCombined(cap, len);
+    CapPipe res = (case (boundsOp) matches
+        SetBoundsRounding: combinedResult.cap;
+        SetBoundsExact: combinedResult.cap;
+        CRRL: nullWithAddr(combinedResult.length);
+        CRAM: nullWithAddr(combinedResult.mask);
+    endcase);
+    if (!combinedResult.inBounds) res = setValidCap(res, False);
+    if (boundsOp == SetBoundsExact && !combinedResult.exact) res = setValidCap(res, False);
+    return res;
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function CapPipe specialRWALU(CapPipe cap, CapPipe oldCap, SpecialRWFunc scrType);
+    function csrOp (oldAddr, val, f) =
+        case (f)
+            Write: val;
+            Set: (oldAddr | val);
+            Clear: (oldAddr & ~val);
+        endcase;
+    let addr = getAddr(cap);
+    let oldAddr = getAddr(oldCap);
+    CapPipe res = (case (scrType) matches
+        tagged TVEC .csrf: update_scr_via_csr(oldCap, csrOp(oldAddr, getAddr(cap), csrf) & ~64'h2, False);
+        tagged EPC .csrf: update_scr_via_csr(oldCap, csrOp(oldAddr, getAddr(cap), csrf) & ~64'h1, False);
+        tagged TCC: update_scr_via_csr(cap, addr & ~64'h2, False); // Mask out bit 1
+        tagged EPCC: update_scr_via_csr(cap, addr & ~64'h1, addr[0] == 1'b0); // Mask out bit 0
+        tagged Normal: cap;
+    endcase);
+    return res;
+endfunction
+
+function Tuple2#(Data, Bool) extractType(CapPipe a) 
+    provisos (
+       CHERICap::CHERICap#(
+           CHERICC_Fat::CapPipe,   // capT
+           OTypeW,                 // otypeW
+           FlagsW,                 // flgW
+           CapAddrW,               // addrW
+           CapW,                   // inMemW
+           TSub#(MW,3),            // maskableW
+           Delta                   // delta
+       )
+   );
+    if      (getKind(a) == UNSEALED) return tuple2(otype_unsealed_ext, True);
+    else if (getKind(a) == SENTRY  ) return tuple2(otype_sentry_ext, True);
+    else if (getKind(a) == RES0    ) return tuple2(otype_res0_ext, True);
+    else if (getKind(a) == RES1    ) return tuple2(otype_res1_ext, True);
+    else return tuple2(zeroExtend(getKind(a).SEALED_WITH_TYPE), False);
+endfunction
+
+function CapPipe clearTagIf(CapPipe a, Bool cond);
+    return setValidCap(a, isValidCap(a) && !cond);
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function CapPipe capModify(CapPipe a, CapPipe b, CapModifyFunc func);
+    let a_mut = setValidCap(a, isValidCap(a) && getKind(a) == UNSEALED);
+    let b_mut = setValidCap(b, isValidCap(b) && getKind(b) == UNSEALED);
+    match {.a_type, .a_res} = extractType(a);
+    Bool sealPassthrough = !isValidCap(b) || getKind(a) != UNSEALED || !isInBounds(b, False) || getAddr(b) == otype_unsealed_ext;
+    Bool sealIllegal = getKind(b) != UNSEALED || !getHardPerms(b).permitSeal || !validAsType(b, getAddr(b));
+    let new_hard_perms = getHardPerms(a);
+    new_hard_perms.global = new_hard_perms.global && getHardPerms(b).global;
+    Bool unsealIllegal = !isValidCap(b) || getKind(b) != UNSEALED || getKind(a) == UNSEALED || a_res || getAddr(b) != a_type || !getHardPerms(b).permitUnseal || !isInBounds(b, False);
+    Bool buildCapIllegal = !isValidCap(b) || getKind(b) != UNSEALED || !isDerivable(a) || (getPerms(a) & getPerms(b)) != getPerms(a) || getBase(a) < getBase(b) || getTop(a) > getTop(b); // XXX needs optimisation
+    // TODO: Delta handler function 
+    CapPipe res = (case(func) matches
+            tagged ModifyOffset .offsetOp :
+                modifyOffset(a_mut, getAddr(b), offsetOp == IncOffset).value;
+            tagged SetBounds .boundsOp    :
+                setBoundsALU(a_mut, getAddr(b), boundsOp);
+            tagged SpecialRW .scrType     :
+                case (scrType) matches
+                      tagged TCC: b;
+                      tagged EPCC: b;
+                      tagged Normal: b;
+                      tagged TVEC ._: nullWithAddr(getAddr(b));
+                      tagged EPC ._: nullWithAddr(getAddr(b));
+                   endcase
+            tagged SetAddr .addrSource    :
+                clearTagIf(setAddr(b_mut, (addrSource == Src1Type) ? a_type : getAddr(a) ).value, (addrSource == Src1Type) ? a_res : False);
+            tagged SealEntry              :
+                setKind(a_mut, SENTRY);
+            tagged Seal                   :
+                clearTagIf( setKind(a_mut, SEALED_WITH_TYPE (truncate(getAddr(b))))
+                          , sealPassthrough || sealIllegal);
+            tagged CSeal                  :
+                (sealPassthrough ? a :
+                     clearTagIf(setKind(a_mut, SEALED_WITH_TYPE (truncate(getAddr(b)))), sealIllegal));
+            tagged Unseal .src            :
+                clearTagIf(setHardPerms(setKind(((src == Src1) ? a:b), UNSEALED), new_hard_perms), (src == Src1) && unsealIllegal);
+            tagged AndPerm                :
+                setPerms(a_mut, pack(getPerms(a)) & truncate(getAddr(b)));
+            tagged SetFlags               :
+                setFlags(a_mut, truncate(getAddr(b)));
+            tagged FromPtr                :
+                (getAddr(a) == 0 ? nullCap : setAddr(b_mut, getAddr(a)).value);
+            tagged SetHigh:
+                // fromMem(tuple2(False, {getAddr(b), getAddr(a)} :: Bit#(CapW)));
+                capFromAddrs(a,b);
+                // getTruncatedTuple(getAddr(b))
+            tagged BuildCap               :
+                setKind(setValidCap(a_mut, !buildCapIllegal), getKind(a)==SENTRY ? SENTRY : UNSEALED);
+            tagged Move                   :
+                a;
+            tagged ClearTag               :
+                setValidCap(a, False);
+            default: ?;
+        endcase);
+    return res;
+endfunction
+
+function CapPipe capFromAddrs (capT a, capT b);
+    // Extract addresses
+    Bit#(0) addrA = getAddr(a);
+    Bit#(116) addrB = getAddr(b);
+    // Concatenate into a 180-bit raw capability
+    Bit#(116) rawCap = {addrB, addrA};
+    // Convert to CapPipe using fromMem
+    return fromMem(tuple2(False, rawCap));
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function Data capInspect(CapPipe a, CapPipe b, CapInspectFunc func);
+    Data res = (case(func) matches
+               tagged TestSubset             :
+                   // TODO will be bad for timing. Would like to reuse bounds check
+                   zeroExtend(pack(   (isValidCap(b) == isValidCap(a))
+                                   && ((getPerms(a) & getPerms(b)) == getPerms(a))
+                                   && (getBase(a) >= getBase(b))
+                                   && (getTop(a) <= getTop(b))));
+               tagged SetEqualExact          :
+                   zeroExtend(pack(toMem(a) == toMem(b)));
+               tagged GetLen                 :
+                   truncate(getLength(a));
+               tagged GetBase                :
+                   getBase(a);
+               tagged GetTag                 :
+                   zeroExtend(pack(isValidCap(a)));
+               tagged GetSealed              :
+                   zeroExtend(pack(getKind(a) != UNSEALED));
+               tagged GetAddr                :
+                   getAddr(a);
+               tagged GetOffset              :
+                   getOffset(a);
+               tagged GetFlags               :
+                   zeroExtend(getFlags(a));
+               tagged GetPerm                :
+                   zeroExtend(getPerms(a));
+               tagged GetHigh                :
+                   zeroExtend(tpl_2(toMem(a))[127:64]);
+               tagged GetType                :
+                   tpl_1(extractType(a));
+               tagged ToPtr                  :
+                   (isValidCap(a) ? getAddr(a) - getBase(b) : 0);
+               default: ?;
+        endcase);
+    return res;
+endfunction
+
+// function CapPipe getTruncatedTuple(AddrType a, AddrType b)
+//     provisos (
+//         Add#(a__, b__, 180) // Defines that a__ + b__ must equal 180
+//     );
+
+//     // Use a list literal or a Tuple constructor
+//     let address_bits = { getAddr(b), getAddr(a) };
+    
+//     return fromMem(tuple2(False, address_bits));
+// endfunction
+
+function CapPipe capALU(CapPipe a, CapPipe b, CapFunc func);
+    CapPipe res = (case (func) matches
+        tagged CapInspect .x:
+            nullWithAddr(capInspect(a,b,func.CapInspect));
+        default:
+            capModify(a,b,func.CapModify);
+    endcase);
+    return res;
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function Bool aluBr(Data a, Data b, BrFunc brFunc);
+    Bool brTaken = (case(brFunc)
+            Eq      : (a == b);
+            Neq     : (a != b);
+            Lt      : signedLT(a, b);
+            Ltu     : (a < b);
+            Ge      : signedGE(a, b);
+            Geu     : (a >= b);
+            AT      : True;
+            NT      : False;
+            default : False;
+        endcase);
+    return brTaken;
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function CapPipe brAddrCalc(CapPipe pc, CapPipe val, IType iType, Data imm, Bool taken, Bit #(32) orig_inst, Bool cap);
+    CapPipe pcPlusN = addPc(pc, ((orig_inst [1:0] == 2'b11) ? 4 : 2));
+
+    //if (!cap) val = setOffset(pc, getAddr(val)).value;
+    //CapPipe branchTarget = incOffset(pc, imm).value;
+    //CapPipe jumpTarget = incOffset(val, imm).value;
+
+    CapPipe nextPc = pc;
+    Data offset = imm;
+    Bool doInc = True;
+    if (iType==Jr || iType==CCall || iType ==CJALR) begin
+        if (cap) nextPc = val;
+        else begin
+          offset = getAddr(val) + imm;
+          doInc = False;
+        end
+    end
+    CapPipe targetAddr = ?;
+    if(doInc) targetAddr = modifyOffset(nextPc, offset, doInc).value;
+    else targetAddr = setAddr(nextPc, offset).value;
+    // jumpTarget.address[0] = 1'b0;
+    targetAddr = setAddrUnsafe(targetAddr, {truncateLSB(getAddr(targetAddr)), 1'b0});
+    targetAddr = setKind(targetAddr, UNSEALED); // It is checked elsewhere that we have an unsealed cap already, or sentry if permitted
+
+    return (case (iType)
+            J, CJAL, Jr, CCall, CJALR: targetAddr;
+            Br      : (taken ? targetAddr : pcPlusN);
+            default : pcPlusN;
+        endcase);
+endfunction
+/*
+(* noinline *)
+function ControlFlow getControlFlow(DecodedInst dInst, Data rVal1, Data rVal2, Addr pc, Addr ppc, Bit #(32) orig_inst);
+    ControlFlow cf = unpack(0);
+
+    Bool taken = dInst.execFunc matches tagged Br .br_f ? aluBr(rVal1, rVal2, br_f) : False;
+    Addr nextPc = brAddrCalc(pc, rVal1, dInst.iType, validValue(getDInstImm(dInst)), taken, orig_inst);
+    Bool mispredict = nextPc != ppc;
+
+    cf.pc = pc;
+    cf.nextPc = nextPc;
+    cf.taken = taken;
+    cf.mispredict = mispredict;
+
+    return cf;
+endfunction
+*/
+(* noinline *)
+function ExecResult basicExec(DecodedInst dInst, CapPipe rVal1, CapPipe rVal2, CapPipe pcc, CapPipe ppc, Bit #(32) orig_inst);
+    // just data, addr, and control flow
+    CapPipe data = nullCap;
+    CapPipe addr = nullCap;
+
+    Bool newPcc = dInst.iType == CJALR || dInst.iType == CCall;
+    ControlFlow cf = ControlFlow{pc: pcc, nextPc: nullCap, taken: False, newPcc: newPcc, mispredict: False};
+
+    Maybe#(CapPipe) capImm = isValid(getDInstImm(dInst)) ? Valid (nullWithAddr(getDInstImm(dInst).Valid)) : Invalid;
+    let aluVal2 = dInst.capFunc matches tagged CapModify .cm &&& cm matches tagged SpecialRW ._ ? rVal2 : fromMaybe(rVal2, capImm);
+    // Get the alu function. By default, it adds. This is used by memory instructions
+    AluFunc alu_f = dInst.execFunc matches tagged Alu .alu_f ? alu_f : Add;
+    Data alu_result = alu(getAddr(rVal1), getAddr(aluVal2), alu_f);
+
+    CapPipe cap_alu_result = capALU(rVal1, aluVal2, dInst.capFunc);
+    CapPipe link_pcc = addPc(pcc, ((orig_inst [1:0] == 2'b11) ? 4 : 2));
+
+    // Default branch function is not taken
+    BrFunc br_f = dInst.execFunc matches tagged Br .br_f ? br_f : NT;
+    cf.taken = aluBr(getAddr(rVal1), getAddr(rVal2), br_f);
+    cf.nextPc = brAddrCalc(pcc, rVal1, dInst.iType, fromMaybe(0,getDInstImm(dInst)), cf.taken, orig_inst, newPcc);
+
+    Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) capException = capChecksExec(rVal1, aluVal2, nullCap, dInst.capChecks, dInst.imm.Valid);
+    if (dInst.execFunc matches tagged Br .unused) begin
+        rVal1 = cf.nextPc;
+        if (!cf.taken) dInst.capChecks.check_enable = False;
+    end
+    Maybe#(BoundsCheck) boundsCheck = prepareBoundsCheck(rVal1, aluVal2, pcc,
+                                                         nullCap, 0, 0, // These three are only used in the memory pipe
+                                                         dInst.capChecks);
+
+    cf.nextPc = setKind(cf.nextPc, UNSEALED);
+    cf.mispredict = cf.nextPc != ppc;
+
+    data = (case (dInst.iType)
+            St          : rVal2;
+            Sc          : rVal2;
+            Amo         : rVal2;
+            J           : nullWithAddr(getAddr(link_pcc));
+            CJAL        : setKind(link_pcc, SENTRY);
+            CCall       : cap_alu_result;
+            CJALR       : setKind(link_pcc, SENTRY);
+            Jr          : nullWithAddr(getAddr(link_pcc));
+            Auipc       : nullWithAddr(getAddr(pcc) + getDInstImm(dInst).Valid);
+            Auipcc      : incOffset(pcc, getDInstImm(dInst).Valid).value; // could be computed with alu
+            Csr         : rVal1;
+            Scr         : cap_alu_result;
+            Cap         : cap_alu_result;
+            default     : nullWithAddr(alu_result);
+        endcase);
+    CapMem csr_data = (case (dInst.iType)
+                       Scr: cast(specialRWALU(fromMaybe(rVal1, capImm), rVal2, dInst.capFunc.CapModify.SpecialRW));
+                       default: nullWithAddr(alu_result);
+                    endcase);
+    addr = (case (dInst.iType)
+            Ld, St, Lr, Sc, Amo : nullWithAddr(alu_result);
+            default             : cf.nextPc; //TODO should this be nullified?
+        endcase);
+
+    return ExecResult{data: data, csrData: csr_data, addr: addr, controlFlow: cf, capException: capException, boundsCheck: boundsCheck};
+endfunction
+
+(* noinline *)
+function Maybe#(Trap) checkForException(
+    DecodedInst dInst,
+    ArchRegs regs,
+    CsrDecodeInfo csrState,
+    CapMem pcc,
+    Bool fourByteInst
+); // regs needed to check if x0 is a src
+    Maybe#(Trap) exception = Invalid;
+    let prv = csrState.prv;
+
+    if(dInst.iType == Ecall) begin
+        exception = Valid (Exception (case(prv)
+            prvU: excEnvCallU;
+            prvS: excEnvCallS;
+            prvM: excEnvCallM;
+            default: excIllegalInst;
+        endcase));
+    end
+    else if(dInst.iType == Ebreak) begin
+        exception = Valid (Exception (excBreakpoint));
+    end
+    else if(dInst.iType == Mret) begin
+        if(prv < prvM) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end
+        else if (!getHardPerms(pcc).accessSysRegs) begin
+            exception = Valid (CapException (CSR_XCapCause {cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1, pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcPermitASRViolation}));
+        end
+    end
+    else if(dInst.iType == Sret) begin
+        if(prv < prvS) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end
+        else if(prv == prvS && csrState.trapSret) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end
+        else if (!getHardPerms(pcc).accessSysRegs) begin
+            exception = Valid (CapException (CSR_XCapCause {cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1, pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcPermitASRViolation}));
+        end
+    end
+    else if(dInst.iType == SFence) begin
+        if(prv == prvS && csrState.trapVM) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end
+    end
+    else if(dInst.iType == Csr) begin
+        let csr = pack(fromMaybe(csrAddrNone, dInst.csr));
+        Bool csr_has_priv = (prv >= csr[9:8]);
+        if(!csr_has_priv) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end
+        else if(prv == prvS && csrState.trapVM &&
+                validValue(dInst.csr) == csrAddrSATP) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end
+        let rs1 = case (regs.src2) matches
+                     tagged Valid (tagged Gpr .r) : r;
+                     default: 0;
+                  endcase;
+        let imm = case (dInst.imm) matches
+                     tagged Valid .n: n;
+                     default: 0;
+                  endcase;
+        Bool writes_csr = ((dInst.execFunc == tagged Alu Csrw) || (rs1 != 0) || (imm != 0));
+        Bool read_only  = (csr [11:10] == 2'b11);
+        Bool write_deny = (writes_csr && read_only);
+        Bool asr_allow = getHardPerms(pcc).accessSysRegs
+                      || ((pack(csrAddrHPMCOUNTER3) <= csr) && (csr <= pack(csrAddrHPMCOUNTER31)) && !writes_csr)
+                      || (csr == pack(csrAddrFFLAGS))
+                      || (csr == pack(csrAddrFRM))
+                      || (csr == pack(csrAddrFCSR))
+                      || (csr == pack(csrAddrCYCLE) && !writes_csr)
+                      || (csr == pack(csrAddrTIME) && !writes_csr)
+                      || (csr == pack(csrAddrINSTRET) && !writes_csr);
+        Bool unimplemented = (csr == pack(csrAddrNone));    // Added by Bluespec
+        if (write_deny || !csr_has_priv || unimplemented) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end else if (!asr_allow) begin
+            exception = Valid (CapException (CSR_XCapCause {cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1, pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcPermitASRViolation}));
+        end
+    end
+    else if(dInst.scr matches tagged Valid .scr) begin
+        Bool scr_has_priv = (prv >= pack(scr)[4:3]);
+        Bool unimplemented = (scr == scrAddrNone);
+        Bool writes_scr = regs.src1 == Valid (tagged Gpr 0) ? False : True;
+        Bool read_only  = (scr == scrAddrPCC);
+        Bool write_deny = (writes_scr && read_only);
+        Bool asr_allow = getHardPerms(pcc).accessSysRegs ||
+          scr == scrAddrDDC || scr == scrAddrPCC;
+        if(!scr_has_priv || unimplemented || write_deny) begin
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end else if (!asr_allow) begin
+            exception = Valid (CapException (CSR_XCapCause {cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1, pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcPermitASRViolation}));
+        end
+    end
+    else if(dInst.iType == Fpu) begin
+        if(dInst.execFunc matches tagged Fpu .fpu_f) begin
+            // Get rounding mode
+            let rm = (fpu_f.rm == rmRDyn) ? unpack(csrState.frm) : fpu_f.rm;
+            case(rm)
+                rmRNE, rmRTZ, rmRDN, rmRUP, rmRMM: exception = exception; // legal modes
+                default                          : exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+            endcase
+        end
+        else begin
+            // Fpu instruction without FPU execFunc
+            exception = Valid (Exception (excIllegalInst));
+        end
+    end
+
+    // Check that the end of the instruction is in bounds of PCC.
+    CapPipe pcc_end = cast(addPc(pcc, (fourByteInst?4:2)));
+    CapPipe pcc_start = cast(pcc);
+    Maybe#(CSR_XCapCause) capException = Invalid;
+    if (!isValidCap(pcc_start)) capException = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1,pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcTagViolation});
+    if (getKind(pcc_start) != UNSEALED) capException = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1,pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcSealViolation});
+    if (!getHardPerms(pcc_start).permitExecute) capException = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1,pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcPermitXViolation});
+    if (!isInBounds(pcc_end, True)) capException = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1,pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcLengthViolation});
+    if (!isInBounds(pcc_start, True)) capException = Valid(CSR_XCapCause{cheri_exc_reg: {1'b1,pack(scrAddrPCC)}, cheri_exc_code: cheriExcLengthViolation});
+
+    Maybe#(Trap) retval = Invalid;
+    if (capException matches tagged Valid .ce) retval = Valid(CapException(ce));
+    else retval = exception;
+
+    return retval;
+endfunction
+
+// check mem access misaligned: byteEn is unshifted (just from Decode)
+function Bool memAddrMisaligned(Addr addr, ByteOrTagEn byteOrTagEn);
+    MemDataByteEn byteEn = byteOrTagEn.DataMemAccess;
+    if (byteOrTagEn == TagMemAccess) begin
+        return(!isCLineAlignAddr(addr));
+    end
+    else if(byteEn[15]) begin
+        return addr[3:0] != 0;
+    end
+    else if(byteEn[7]) begin
+        return addr[2:0] != 0;
+    end
+    else if(byteEn[3]) begin
+        return addr[1:0] != 0;
+    end
+    else if(byteEn[1]) begin
+        return addr[0] != 0;
+    end
+    else begin
+        return False;
+    end
+endfunction
+
+function MemTaggedData gatherLoad( Addr addr, ByteOrTagEn byteOrTagEn
+                                 , Bool unsignedLd, MemTaggedData data);
+    function extend = unsignedLd ? zeroExtend : signExtend;
+    Bit#(IndxShamt) offset = truncate(addr);
+
+    MemDataByteEn byteEn = byteOrTagEn.DataMemAccess;
+    if((byteOrTagEn == TagMemAccess) || pack(byteEn) == ~0) return data;
+    else if(byteEn[7]) begin
+        Vector#(2, Bit#(64)) dataVec = unpack(pack(data.data));
+        return dataToMemTaggedData(extend(dataVec[offset[3]]));
+    end else if(byteEn[3]) begin
+        Vector#(4, Bit#(32)) dataVec = unpack(pack(data.data));
+        return dataToMemTaggedData(extend(dataVec[offset[3:2]]));
+    end else if(byteEn[1]) begin
+        Vector#(8, Bit#(16)) dataVec = unpack(pack(data.data));
+        return dataToMemTaggedData(extend(dataVec[offset[3:1]]));
+    end else begin
+        Vector#(16, Bit#(8)) dataVec = unpack(pack(data.data));
+        return dataToMemTaggedData(extend(dataVec[offset]));
+    end
+endfunction
+
+function Tuple2#(ByteEn, Data) scatterStore(Addr addr, ByteEn byteEn, Data data);
+    Bit#(IndxShamt) offset = truncate(addr);
+    if(byteEn[7]) begin
+        return tuple2(byteEn, data);
+    end else if(byteEn[3]) begin
+        return tuple2(unpack(pack(byteEn) << (offset)), data << {(offset), 3'b0});
+    end else if(byteEn[1]) begin
+        return tuple2(unpack(pack(byteEn) << (offset)), data << {(offset), 3'b0});
+    end else begin
+        return tuple2(unpack(pack(byteEn) << (offset)), data << {(offset), 3'b0});
+    end
+endfunction