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<div id="content" class="content">
<div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#chapter1-introduction">1. Introduction</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#abstract">1.1. Abstract</a></li>
<li><a href="#motivation">1.2. Motivation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#installation">2. Installation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#latest-release-install">2.1. Latest release install</a></li>
<li><a href="#install-from-github-master-branch">2.2. Install from Github master branch</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#install-go-lang">2.2.1. Install Go lang</a></li>
<li><a href="#install-docker">2.2.2. Install Docker</a></li>
<li><a href="#build-project-and-install-project">2.2.3. Build Project and install project</a></li>
<li><a href="#add-appropriate-paths-to-.bashrc">2.2.4. Add appropriate paths to <code>.bashrc</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#test-if-binary-works">2.2.5. Test if binary works</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#using-basic-commands">3. Using basic commands</a>
<ul>
<li>
<ul>
<li><a href="#start-as-a-server">3.0.1. Start as a server</a></li>
<li><a href="#view-server-specification">3.0.2. View server Specification</a></li>
<li><a href="#run-container">3.0.3. Run container</a></li>
<li><a href="#remove-container">3.0.4. Remove container</a></li>
<li><a href="#adding-servers-to-ip-table">3.0.5. Adding servers to ip table</a></li>
<li><a href="#update-ip-table">3.0.6. Update ip table</a></li>
<li><a href="#list-servers">3.0.7. List Servers</a></li>
<li><a href="#view-network-interfaces">3.0.8. View Network interfaces</a></li>
<li><a href="#viewing-containers-created-client-side">3.0.9. Viewing Containers created Client side</a></li>
<li><a href="#running-plugin">3.0.10. Running plugin</a></li>
<li><a href="#create-group">3.0.11. Create group</a></li>
<li><a href="#add-container-to-group">3.0.12. Add container to group</a></li>
<li><a href="#view-groups">3.0.13. View groups</a></li>
<li><a href="#view-specific-group">3.0.14. View specific group</a></li>
<li><a href="#delete-container-from-group">3.0.15. Delete container from group</a></li>
<li><a href="#delete-entire-group">3.0.16. Delete entire group</a></li>
<li><a href="#pulling-plugin-from-a-remote-repo">3.0.17. Pulling plugin from a remote repo</a></li>
<li><a href="#deleting-plugin-from-the-plugin-directory">3.0.18. Deleting plugin from the plugin directory</a></li>
<li><a href="#added-custom-metadata-about-the-current-node">3.0.19. Added custom metadata about the current node</a></li>
<li><a href="#org9bc31bd">3.0.20. MapPort and link to domain name</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#p2p-module-implementation">4. P2P Module Implementation</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#ip-table">4.1. IP Table</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#latency">4.1.1. Latency</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#nat-traversal">4.2. NAT Traversal</a></li>
<li><a href="#turn">4.3. TURN</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#client-mode">4.3.1. Client mode</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#language-bindings">5. Language Bindings</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#how-to-build-shared-object-files">5.1. How to build shared object files</a></li>
<li><a href="#workings-under-the-hood">5.2. Workings under the hood</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#in-client-go">5.2.1. In Client go</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#current-languages-supported">5.3. Current languages supported</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org4aeb30e">5.3.1. Python</a></li>
<li><a href="#orgcccf645">5.3.2. Haskell</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#config-implementation">6. Config Implementation</a></li>
<li><a href="#abstractions">7. Abstractions</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#functions">7.1. Functions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#nat-traversal">8. NAT Traversal</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#turn">8.1. TURN</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#client-mode">9. Client mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#org5156fb1">10. Blog posts</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org4e0e874">10.1. Self host within 5 minutes any program</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgca237a5">10.1.1. 1. Find a program you want to run</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#org6d0c58e">11. Ideas for future potencial features</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#org408d405">11.1. To support hetrogenous set of Nodes that cannot run P2PRC</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#orgc488227">11.1.1. Assumptions:</a></li>
<li><a href="#org254dd34">11.1.2. Set of interesting possible:</a></li>
<li><a href="#org94b2546">11.1.3. Implementation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-chapter1-introduction" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="chapter1-introduction"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Introduction</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-chapter1-introduction">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-abstract" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="abstract"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> Abstract</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-abstract">
<p>
This project focuses on creating a framework for running heavy computational tasks that a regular
computer cannot handle easily. These tasks may include graphically demanding video games, rendering
3D animations, and performing complex protein folding simulations. The major focus of this project
is not on financial incentives but rather on building a robust and efficient peer-to-peer (P2P)
network to decentralise task execution and increase the computational bandwidth available for
such tasks.
</p>
<p>
The P2PRC framework serves as a foundation for decentralised rendering and computation,
providing insights into how tasks can be distributed efficiently across a network of peers.
Leveraging the P2PRC approach, this project extends its capabilities to handle a
wider range of computationally intensive tasks.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-motivation" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="motivation"><span class="section-number-3">1.2.</span> Motivation</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-motivation">
<p>
Many of the users rely on our PC / Laptop or servers that belong to a
server farm to run heavy tasks and with the demand of high creativity
requires higher computing power. Buying a powerful computer every few
years to run a bunch of heavy tasks which are not executed as frequently
to reap the benefits can be inefficient utilization of hardware. On the
other end, renting servers to run these heavy tasks can be really
useful. Ethically speaking this is leading to monopolisation of
computing power similar to what is happening in the web server area. By
using peer to peer principles it is possible to remove the
monopolisation factor and increase the bandwidth between the client and
server.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-installation" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="installation"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Installation</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-installation">
<p>
Over here we will cover the basic steps to get the server and client
side running.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-latest-release-install" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="latest-release-install"><span class="section-number-3">2.1.</span> Latest release install</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-latest-release-install">
<p>
<a href="https://github.com/Akilan1999/p2p-rendering-computation/releases">https://github.com/Akilan1999/p2p-rendering-computation/releases</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-install-from-github-master-branch" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="install-from-github-master-branch"><span class="section-number-3">2.2.</span> Install from Github master branch</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-install-from-github-master-branch">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-install-go-lang" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="install-go-lang"><span class="section-number-4">2.2.1.</span> Install Go lang</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-install-go-lang">
<p>
The entire the implementation of this project is done using Go lang.
Thus, we need go lang to compile to code to a binary file.
<a href="https://golang.org/doc/install">Instructions to install Go lang</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-install-docker" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="install-docker"><span class="section-number-4">2.2.2.</span> Install Docker</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-install-docker">
<p>
In this project the choice of virtualization is Docker due to it's wide
usage in the developer community. In the server module we use the Docker
Go API to create and interact with the containers.
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/">Instructions to install docker</a>
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://docs.nvidia.com/datacenter/cloud-native/container-toolkit/install-guide.html#docker">Instructions
to install docker GPU</a>
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org2c4f1d2">
// Do ensure that the docker command does not need sudo to run
sudo chmod 666 /var/run/docker.sock
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-build-project-and-install-project" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="build-project-and-install-project"><span class="section-number-4">2.2.3.</span> Build Project and install project</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-build-project-and-install-project">
<p>
To set up the internal dependencies and build the entire go code into a
single binary
</p>
<pre class="example" id="orga885178">
make
</pre>
</div>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a id="for-windows"></a>For Windows<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-for-windows">
<p>
To set up P2PRC on Windows, simply run this batch file. <b>Make sure you
are not in admin mode when running this.</b>
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org081ebfa">
.\install.bat
</pre>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-add-appropriate-paths-to-.bashrc" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="add-appropriate-paths-to-.bashrc"><span class="section-number-4">2.2.4.</span> Add appropriate paths to <code>.bashrc</code></h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-add-appropriate-paths-to-.bashrc">
<pre class="example" id="org4d38d65">
export P2PRC=/&lt;PATH&gt;/p2p-rendering-computation
export PATH=/&lt;PATH&gt;/p2p-rendering-computation:${PATH}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-test-if-binary-works" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="test-if-binary-works"><span class="section-number-4">2.2.5.</span> Test if binary works</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-test-if-binary-works">
<pre class="example" id="orga86180c">
p2prc --help
</pre>
</div>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a id="output"></a>Output:<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-output">
<pre class="example" id="orge15b811">
NAME:
p2p-rendering-computation - p2p cli application to create and access VMs in other servers
USAGE:
p2prc [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]
VERSION:
2.0.0
COMMANDS:
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
GLOBAL OPTIONS:
--Server, -s Starts server (default: false) [$SERVER]
--UpdateServerList, --us Update List of Server available based on servers iptables (default: false) [$UPDATE_SERVER_LIST]
--ListServers, --ls List servers which can render tasks (default: false) [$LIST_SERVERS]
--AddServer value, --as value Adds server IP address to iptables [$ADD_SERVER]
--ViewImages value, --vi value View images available on the server IP address [$VIEW_IMAGES]
--CreateVM value, --touch value Creates Docker container on the selected server [$CREATE_VM]
--ContainerName value, --cn value Specifying the container run on the server side [$CONTAINER_NAME]
--BaseImage value, --bi value Specifying the docker base image to template the dockerfile [$CONTAINER_NAME]
--RemoveVM value, --rm value Stop and Remove Docker container (IP:port) accompanied by container ID via --ID or --id [$REMOVE_VM]
--ID value, --id value Docker Container ID [$ID]
--Ports value, -p value Number of ports to open for the Docker Container [$NUM_PORTS]
--GPU, --gpu Create Docker Containers to access GPU (default: false) [$USE_GPU]
--Specification value, --specs value Specs of the server node [$SPECS]
--SetDefaultConfig, --dc Sets a default configuration file (default: false) [$SET_DEFAULT_CONFIG]
--NetworkInterfaces, --ni Shows the network interface in your computer (default: false) [$NETWORK_INTERFACE]
--ViewPlugins, --vp Shows plugins available to be executed (default: false) [$VIEW_PLUGIN]
--TrackedContainers, --tc View (currently running) containers which have been created from the client side (default: false) [$TRACKED_CONTAINERS]
--ExecutePlugin value, --plugin value Plugin which needs to be executed [$EXECUTE_PLUGIN]
--CreateGroup, --cgroup Creates a new group (default: false) [$CREATE_GROUP]
--Group value, --group value group flag with argument group ID [$GROUP]
--Groups, --groups View all groups (default: false) [$GROUPS]
--RemoveContainerGroup, --rmcgroup Remove specific container in the group (default: false) [$REMOVE_CONTAINER_GROUP]
--RemoveGroup value, --rmgroup value Removes the entire group [$REMOVE_GROUP]
--MAPPort value, --mp value Maps port for a specific port provided as the parameter [$MAPPORT]
--DomainName value, --dn value While mapping ports allows to set a domain name to create a mapping in the proxy server [$DOMAINNAME]
--Generate value, --gen value Generates a new copy of P2PRC which can be modified based on your needs [$GENERATE]
--ModuleName value, --mod value New go project module name [$MODULENAME]
--PullPlugin value, --pp value Pulls plugin from git repos [$PULLPLUGIN]
--RemovePlugin value, --rp value Removes plugin [$REMOVEPLUGIN]
--AddMetaData value, --amd value Adds metadata about the current node in the p2p network which is then propagated through the network [$ADDMETADATA]
--help, -h show help (default: false)
--version, -v print the version (default: false)
</pre>
<hr />
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-using-basic-commands" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="using-basic-commands"><span class="section-number-2">3.</span> Using basic commands</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-using-basic-commands">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-start-as-a-server" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="start-as-a-server"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.1.</span> Start as a server</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-start-as-a-server">
<pre class="example" id="orgac14576">
p2prc -s
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-view-server-specification" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="view-server-specification"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.2.</span> View server Specification</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-view-server-specification">
<pre class="example" id="org4755527">
p2prc --specs=&lt;ip address&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-run-container" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="run-container"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.3.</span> Run container</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-run-container">
<p>
use the <code>--gpu</code> if you know the other machine has a gpu.
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org463e5bd">
p2prc --touch=&lt;server ip address&gt; -p &lt;number of ports&gt; --gpu
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-remove-container" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="remove-container"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.4.</span> Remove container</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-remove-container">
<p>
The docker id is present in the output where you create a container
</p>
<pre class="example" id="orgbab2b05">
p2prc --rm=&lt;server ip address&gt; --id=&lt;docker container id&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-adding-servers-to-ip-table" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="adding-servers-to-ip-table"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.5.</span> Adding servers to ip table</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-adding-servers-to-ip-table">
<pre class="example" id="org8628c0e">
p2prc --as=&lt;server ip address you want to add&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-update-ip-table" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="update-ip-table"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.6.</span> Update ip table</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-update-ip-table">
<pre class="example" id="org84082c2">
p2prc --us
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-list-servers" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="list-servers"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.7.</span> List Servers</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-list-servers">
<pre class="example" id="org9b68d58">
p2prc --ls
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-view-network-interfaces" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="view-network-interfaces"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.8.</span> View Network interfaces</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-view-network-interfaces">
<pre class="example" id="org98fb075">
p2prc --ni
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-viewing-containers-created-client-side" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="viewing-containers-created-client-side"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.9.</span> Viewing Containers created Client side</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-viewing-containers-created-client-side">
<pre class="example" id="orgd2c5455">
p2prc --tc
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-running-plugin" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="running-plugin"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.10.</span> Running plugin</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-running-plugin">
<pre class="example" id="orgb84a3e6">
p2prc --plugin &lt;plugin name&gt; --id &lt;container id or group id&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-create-group" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="create-group"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.11.</span> Create group</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-create-group">
<pre class="example" id="org5fe8d6b">
p2prc --cgroup
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-add-container-to-group" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="add-container-to-group"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.12.</span> Add container to group</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-add-container-to-group">
<pre class="example" id="orgbd0e28b">
p2prc --group &lt;group id&gt; --id &lt;container id&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-view-groups" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="view-groups"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.13.</span> View groups</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-view-groups">
<pre class="example" id="orgc4e2a07">
p2prc --groups
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-view-specific-group" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="view-specific-group"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.14.</span> View specific group</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-view-specific-group">
<pre class="example" id="orge1ef788">
p2prc --group &lt;group id&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-delete-container-from-group" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="delete-container-from-group"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.15.</span> Delete container from group</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-delete-container-from-group">
<pre class="example" id="orgbe542b4">
p2prc --rmcgroup --group &lt;group id&gt; --id &lt;container id&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-delete-entire-group" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="delete-entire-group"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.16.</span> Delete entire group</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-delete-entire-group">
<pre class="example" id="orge8cb53a">
p2prc --rmgroup &lt;group id&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-pulling-plugin-from-a-remote-repo" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="pulling-plugin-from-a-remote-repo"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.17.</span> Pulling plugin from a remote repo</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-pulling-plugin-from-a-remote-repo">
<pre class="example" id="org1a8f283">
p2prc --pp &lt;repo link&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-deleting-plugin-from-the-plugin-directory" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="deleting-plugin-from-the-plugin-directory"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.18.</span> Deleting plugin from the plugin directory</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-deleting-plugin-from-the-plugin-directory">
<pre class="example" id="org07d3762">
p2prc --rp &lt;plugin name&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-added-custom-metadata-about-the-current-node" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="added-custom-metadata-about-the-current-node"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.19.</span> Added custom metadata about the current node</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-added-custom-metadata-about-the-current-node">
<pre class="example" id="org0ab8a44">
p2prc --amd "custom metadata"
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org9bc31bd" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org9bc31bd"><span class="section-number-4">3.0.20.</span> MapPort and link to domain name</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-3-0-20">
<p>
Allows to expose remote ports from a machine in the P2P network.
</p>
<pre class="example" id="orgd3b7bc1">
p2prc --mp &lt;port no to map&gt; --dn &lt;domain name to link Mapped port against&gt;
</pre>
</div>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a id="org5459ba4"></a>MapPort in remote machine<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-3-0-20-1">
<p>
This is to ensure ports on remote machines on the P2PRC can be easily opened.
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org69c39bd">
p2prc --mp &lt;port no to map&gt; --dn &lt;domain name to link Mapped port against&gt; --ra &lt;remote server address&gt;
</pre>
<hr />
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-p2p-module-implementation" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="p2p-module-implementation"><span class="section-number-2">4.</span> P2P Module Implementation</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-p2p-module-implementation">
<p>
The P2P module is for managing server information within the network.
It maintains and updates the IP table, ensuring accuracy by preventing duplicates and removing
entries for unreachable servers. Furthermore, the module conducts speed tests on the listed servers
to determine upload and download speeds. This valuable information enables users to identify nearby
servers with optimal performance, enhancing their overall network experience.
</p>
<div id="orge4d1f87" class="figure">
<p><img src="images/p2pmoduleArch.png" alt="p2pmoduleArch.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 1: </span>UML diagram of P2P module</p>
</div>
<p>
The peer to peer implementation was built from scratch. This is because
other peer to peer libraries were on the implementation of the
Distributed hash table. At the current moment all those heavy features
are not needed because the objective is to search and list all possible
servers available. The limitation being that to be a part of the network
the user has to know at least 1 server. The advantage of building from
scratch makes the module super light and possibility for custom
functions and structs. The sub topics below will mention the
implementations of each functionality in depth.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-ip-table" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="ip-table"><span class="section-number-3">4.1.</span> IP Table</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-ip-table">
<p>
The ip table file is a json as the format with a list of servers ip
addresses, latencies, downloads and uploads speeds. The functions
implemented include read file, write file and remove duplicate IP
addresses. The remove duplicate IP address function exists because
sometimes servers IP tables can have the same ip addresses as what the
client has. The path of the IP table json file is received from the
configuration module.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-json">{
"ip_address": [
{
"Name": "&lt;hostname of the machine&gt;",
"MachineUsername": "&lt;machine username&gt;",
"IPV4": "&lt;ipv4 address&gt;",
"IPV6": "&lt;ipv6 address (Not used)&gt;",
"Latency": &lt;latency to the server&gt;,
"Download": &lt;download speed (Not used)&gt;,
"Upload": &lt;upload speed (Not used)&gt;,
"ServerPort": "&lt;server port no&gt;",
"BareMetalSSHPort": "&lt;Baremetal ssh port no&gt;",
"NAT": "&lt;boolean representing if the node is behind NAT or not&gt;",
"EscapeImplementation": "&lt;NAT traversal implementation&gt;",
"ProxyServer": "&lt;If the node listed is acting as a proxy server&gt;",
"UnSafeMode": &lt;Unsafe mode if turned on will allow all nodes in the network public keys to be
added to that particular node&gt;",
"PublicKey": "&lt;Public key of that particular node&gt;",
"CustomInformation": "&lt;custom information passed in through all the nodes in the network&gt;"
}
]
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-latency" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="latency"><span class="section-number-4">4.1.1.</span> Latency</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-latency">
<p>
The latency is measured in milliseconds. The route /server<sub>info</sub> is
called from the server and time it takes to provide a json response is
recorded.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-nat-traversal" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="nat-traversal"><span class="section-number-3">4.2.</span> NAT Traversal</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-nat-traversal">
<p>
P2PRC currently supports TURN for NAT traversal.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-turn" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="turn"><span class="section-number-3">4.3.</span> TURN</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-turn">
<p>
The current TURN implementation used is FRP. The TURN server is also
required when a P2PRC node is acting as a Server. The TURN server is
determined based on the Node with the least amount of latency based on
the Nodes available on the IPTable. Once a TURN server is determined
there are 2 actions performed. The first one is <code>/FRPPort</code> to the TURN
server to receive a port which is used to generate the external port
from the TURN server. The flow below describes the workflow.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-client-mode" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="client-mode"><span class="section-number-4">4.3.1.</span> Client mode</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-client-mode">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Call <code>/FRPPort</code></li>
</ul>
<pre class="example" id="orgab0b3e5">
http://&lt;turn server ip&gt;:&lt;server port no&gt;/FRPport
</pre>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Call the TURN server in the following manner. The following is a
sample code snippet below.</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-go">import (
"github.com/Akilan1999/p2p-rendering-computation/p2p/frp"
)
func main() {
serverPort, err := frp.GetFRPServerPort("http://" + &lt;lowestLatencyIpAddress.Ipv4&gt; + ":" + lowestLatencyIpAddress.ServerPort)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Create 1 second delay to allow FRP server to start
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
// Starts FRP as a client with
proxyPort, err := frp.StartFRPClientForServer(&lt;lowestLatencyIpAddress.Ipv4&gt;, serverPort, &lt;the port you want to expose externally&gt;)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-language-bindings" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="language-bindings"><span class="section-number-2">5.</span> Language Bindings</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-language-bindings">
<p>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_binding">Language bindings</a>
refers to wrappers to bridge 2 programming languages. This is used in
P2PRC to extend calling P2PRC functions in other programming languages.
Currently this is done by generating <code>.so</code> and <code>.h</code> from the Go
compiler.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-how-to-build-shared-object-files" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="how-to-build-shared-object-files"><span class="section-number-3">5.1.</span> How to build shared object files</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-how-to-build-shared-object-files">
</div>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a id="the-easier-way"></a>The easier way<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-the-easier-way">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"># Run
make sharedObjects
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="or-the-direct-way"></a>Or the direct way<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-or-the-direct-way">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"># Run
cd Bindings &amp;&amp; go build -buildmode=c-shared -o p2prc.so
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="if-successfully-built"></a>If successfully built:<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-if-successfully-built">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"># Enter into the Bindings directory
cd Bindings
# List files
ls
# Find files
p2prc.h p2prc.so
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-workings-under-the-hood" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="workings-under-the-hood"><span class="section-number-3">5.2.</span> Workings under the hood</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-workings-under-the-hood">
<p>
Below are a sample set of commands to open the bindings implementation.
</p>
<pre class="example" id="org158aa90">
# run
cd Bindings/
# list files
ls
# search for file
Client.go
</pre>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-in-client-go" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="in-client-go"><span class="section-number-4">5.2.1.</span> In Client go</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-in-client-go">
<p>
There a few things to notice which are different from your standard Go
programs:
</p>
</div>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a id="we-import-c-which-means-cgo-is-required."></a>1. We import "C" which means <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/cgo">Cgo</a> is required.<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-we-import-c-which-means-cgo-is-required.">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-go">import "C"
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="all-functions-which-are-required-to-be-called-from-other-programming-languages-have-comment-such-as."></a>2. All functions which are required to be called from other programming languages have comment such as.<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-all-functions-which-are-required-to-be-called-from-other-programming-languages-have-comment-such-as.">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-go">//export &lt;function name&gt;
// ------------ Example ----------------
// The function below allows to externally
// to call the P2PRC function to start containers
// in a specific node in the know list of nodes
// in the p2p network.
// Note: the comment "//export StartContainer".
//export StartContainer
func StartContainer(IP string) (output *C.char) {
container, err := client.StartContainer(IP, 0, false, "", "")
if err != nil {
return C.CString(err.Error())
}
return ConvertStructToJSONString(container)
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="while-looking-through-the-file-if-2-files-are-compared-it-is-pretty-trivial-to-notice-a-common-structure."></a>3. While looking through the file (If 2 files are compared it is pretty trivial to notice a common structure).<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-while-looking-through-the-file-if-2-files-are-compared-it-is-pretty-trivial-to-notice-a-common-structure.">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-go">// --------- Example ------------
//export StartContainer
func StartContainer(IP string) (output *C.char) {
container, err := client.StartContainer(IP, 0, false, "", "")
if err != nil {
return C.CString(err.Error())
}
return ConvertStructToJSONString(container)
}
//export ViewPlugin
func ViewPlugin() (output *C.char) {
plugins, err := plugin.DetectPlugins()
if err != nil {
return C.CString(err.Error())
}
return ConvertStructToJSONString(plugins)
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="it-is-easy-to-notice-that"></a>It is easy to notice that:<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-it-is-easy-to-notice-that">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><code>ConvertStructToJSONString(&lt;go object&gt;)</code>: This is a helper function
that convert a go object to JSON string initially and converts it to
<code>CString</code>.</li>
<li><code>(output *C.char)</code>: This is the return type for most of the functions.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li><a id="a-pseudo-code-to-refer-to-the-common-function-implementation-shape-could-be-represented-as"></a>A Pseudo code to refer to the common function implementation shape could be represented as:<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-a-pseudo-code-to-refer-to-the-common-function-implementation-shape-could-be-represented-as">
<pre class="example" id="org1d40927">
func &lt;Function name&gt; (output *C.char) {
&lt;response&gt;,&lt;error&gt; := &lt;P2PRC function name&gt;(&lt;parameters if needed&gt;)
if &lt;error&gt; != nil {
return C.CString(&lt;error&gt;.Error())
}
return ConvertStructToJSONString(&lt;response&gt;)
}
</pre>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-current-languages-supported" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="current-languages-supported"><span class="section-number-3">5.3.</span> Current languages supported</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-current-languages-supported">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4aeb30e" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org4aeb30e"><span class="section-number-4">5.3.1.</span> Python</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-5-3-1">
</div>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a id="build-sample-python-program"></a>Build sample python program<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-build-sample-python-program">
<p>
The easier way
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-sh"># Run
make python
# Expected ouput
Output is in the Directory Bindings/python/export/
# Run
cd Bindings/python/export/
# list files
ls
# Expected output
SharedObjects/ p2prc.py
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Above shows a generated folder which consists of a folder called
"SharedObjects/" which consists of <code>p2prc.so</code> and <code>p2prc.h</code> files.
<code>p2prc.py</code> refers to a sample python script calling P2PRC go functions.
To start an any project to extend P2PRC with python, This generated
folder can copied and created as a new git repo for P2PRC extensions
scripted or used a reference point as proof of concept that P2PRC can be
called from other programming languages.
</p>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgcccf645" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgcccf645"><span class="section-number-4">5.3.2.</span> Haskell</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-5-3-2">
<p>
P2PRC officially supports Haskell bindings and will further support
project using Haskell to build orchestrators on top of P2PRC.
</p>
<p>
<a href="https://p2prc.akilan.io/Docs/haskell">Read more&#x2026;</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-config-implementation" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="config-implementation"><span class="section-number-2">6.</span> Config Implementation</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-config-implementation">
<p>
The configuration module is responsible to store basic information of
absolute paths of files being called in the Go code. In a full-fledged
Cli the configuration file can be found in the directory <i>etc</i> and from
there points to location such as where the IP table file is located. In
the future implementation the config file will have information such as
number of hops and other parameters to tweak and to improve the
effectiveness of the peer to peer network. The configuration module was
implemented using the library Viper. The Viper library automates
features such as searching in default paths to find out if the
configuration file is present. If the configuration file is not present
in the default paths then it auto generates the configuration file. The
configurations file can be in any format. In this project the
configuration file was generated using JSON format.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-json">{
"MachineName": "pc-74-120.customer.ask4.lan",
"IPTable": "/Users/akilan/Documents/p2p-rendering-computation/p2p/iptable/ip_table.json",
"DockerContainers": "/Users/akilan/Documents/p2p-rendering-computation/server/docker/containers/",
"DefaultDockerFile": "/Users/akilan/Documents/p2p-rendering-computation/server/docker/containers/docker-ubuntu-sshd/",
"SpeedTestFile": "/Users/akilan/Documents/p2p-rendering-computation/p2p/50.bin",
"IPV6Address": "",
"PluginPath": "/Users/akilan/Documents/p2p-rendering-computation/plugin/deploy",
"TrackContainersPath": "/Users/akilan/Documents/p2p-rendering-computation/client/trackcontainers/trackcontainers.json",
"ServerPort": "8088",
"GroupTrackContainersPath": "/Users/akilan/Documents/p2p-rendering-computation/client/trackcontainers/grouptrackcontainers.json",
"FRPServerPort": "True",
"BehindNAT": "True",
"CustomConfig": null
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-abstractions" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="abstractions"><span class="section-number-2">7.</span> Abstractions</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-abstractions">
<p>
The Abstractions package consists of black-boxed functions for P2PRC.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-functions" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="functions"><span class="section-number-3">7.1.</span> Functions</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-functions">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li><code>Init(&lt;Project name&gt;)</code>: Initializes P2PRC with all the needed
configurations.</li>
<li><code>Start()</code>: Starts p2prc as a server and makes it possible to extend by
adding other routes and functionality to P2PRC.</li>
<li><code>MapPort(&lt;port no&gt;)</code>: On the local machine the port you want to export
to world.</li>
<li><code>StartContainer(&lt;ip address&gt;)</code>: The machine on the p2p network where
you want to spin up a docker container.</li>
<li><code>RemoveContainer(&lt;ip address&gt;,&lt;container id&gt;)</code>: Terminate container
based on the IP address and container name.</li>
<li><code>GetSpecs(&lt;ip address&gt;)</code>: Get specs of a machine on the network based
on the IP address.</li>
<li><code>ViewIPTable()</code>: View the IP table which about nodes in the network.</li>
<li><code>UpdateIPTable()</code>: Force update IP table to learn about new nodes
faster.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-nat-traversal" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="nat-traversal"><span class="section-number-2">8.</span> NAT Traversal</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-nat-traversal">
<p>
P2PRC currently supports TURN for NAT traversal.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-turn" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="turn"><span class="section-number-3">8.1.</span> TURN</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-turn">
<p>
The current TURN implementation used is FRP. The TURN server is also
required when a P2PRC node is acting as a Server. The TURN server is
determined based on the Node with the least amount of latency based on
the Nodes available on the IPTable. Once a TURN server is determined
there are 2 actions performed. The first one is <code>/FRPPort</code> to the TURN
server to receive a port which is used to generate the external port
from the TURN server. The flow below describes the workflow.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-client-mode" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="client-mode"><span class="section-number-2">9.</span> Client mode</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-client-mode">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Call <code>/FRPPort</code></li>
</ul>
<pre class="example" id="org56e7758">
http://&lt;turn server ip&gt;:&lt;server port no&gt;/FRPport
</pre>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Call the TURN server in the following manner. The following is a
sample code snippet below.</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-go">import (
"github.com/Akilan1999/p2p-rendering-computation/p2p/frp"
)
func main() {
serverPort, err := frp.GetFRPServerPort("http://" + &lt;lowestLatencyIpAddress.Ipv4&gt; + ":" + lowestLatencyIpAddress.ServerPort)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Create 1 second delay to allow FRP server to start
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
// Starts FRP as a client with
proxyPort, err := frp.StartFRPClientForServer(&lt;lowestLatencyIpAddress.Ipv4&gt;, serverPort, &lt;the port you want to expose externally&gt;)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org5156fb1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org5156fb1"><span class="section-number-2">10.</span> Blog posts</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-10">
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org4e0e874" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org4e0e874"><span class="section-number-3">10.1.</span> Self host within 5 minutes any program</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-10-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Author: <a href="http://akilan.io/">Akilan Selvacoumar</a></li>
<li>Date: 28-01-2025</li>
</ul>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Video tutorial:</li>
</ul>
<div id="org7d2d80f" class="figure">
<p><a href="https://youtu.be/rN4SiVowg5E"><img src="https://i3.ytimg.com/vi/rN4SiVowg5E/maxresdefault.jpg" alt="maxresdefault.jpg" /></a>
</p>
</div>
<p>
This is a fun expirement for anyone to try to quickly run a server and
quickly do a map port and domain name mapping in a single command.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgca237a5" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgca237a5"><span class="section-number-4">10.1.1.</span> 1. Find a program you want to run</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-10-1-1">
<p>
Let's try to setup a really easy program (Let's do with Linkwarden
with docker compose :) ). This is under the assumption you have docker
compose installed on your local machine.
</p>
</div>
<ol class="org-ol">
<li><a id="org8422892"></a>Let's run Linkwarden using docker compose and P2PRC<br />
<div class="outline-text-5" id="text-10-1-1-1">
<p>
<a href="https://docs.linkwarden.app/self-hosting/installation">Installation instructions</a>:
</p>
<pre class="example">
mkdir linkwarden &amp;&amp; cd linkwarden
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/linkwarden/linkwarden/refs/heads/main/docker-compose.yml
curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/linkwarden/linkwarden/refs/heads/main/.env.sample -o ".env"
</pre>
<p>
Environment configuration
</p>
<pre class="example">
vim .env
# Change values
NEXTAUTH_URL=https://&lt;DOMAIN NAME&gt;/api/v1/auth
NEXTAUTH_SECRET=VERY_SENSITIVE_SECRET
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=CUSTOM_POSTGRES_PASSWORD
</pre>
<p>
Run linkwarden!
</p>
<pre class="example">
docker compose up
</pre>
<p>
If setup correctly linkwarden should
be running.
Local link: <a href="http://localhost:3000">http://localhost:3000</a>
</p>
<p>
Time to setup P2PRC
<a href="https://p2prc.akilan.io/Docs/#build-project-and-install-project">Installation Instructions</a>
</p>
<p>
Run p2prc as a background
</p>
<pre class="example">
p2prc -s &amp;
</pre>
<p>
Run map port and domain mapping
</p>
<pre class="example">
p2prc --mp 3000 --dn &lt;DOMAIN NAME&gt;
</pre>
<p>
Sample response
</p>
<pre class="example">
{
"IPAddress": "217.76.63.222",
"PortNo": "61582",
"EntireAddress": "217.76.63.222:61582"
}
</pre>
<p>
Add DNS entry
</p>
<pre class="example">
A entry 217.76.63.222
</pre>
<p>
Your done now just head to the DOMAIN NAME you added.
ex: <a href="https://linkwarden.akilan.io">https://linkwarden.akilan.io</a>
</p>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org6d0c58e" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org6d0c58e"><span class="section-number-2">11.</span> Ideas for future potencial features</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-11">
<p>
Consists of personal loideas for the future of P2PRC.
At moment only has main contributors writiing to this.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org408d405" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org408d405"><span class="section-number-3">11.1.</span> To support hetrogenous set of Nodes that cannot run P2PRC</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-11-1">
<p>
This stems from a personal issue I have when doing research
on <a href="https://github.com/CTSRD-CHERI/cheribsd">CheriBSD</a> kernel. For my research I am using the ARM morello
which is a 128bit ARMv8 processor. At the moment Go programs
can cannot compile and run inside the CPU. This means I cannot
run P2PRC at the moment inside the ARM morello to remotely access
it when it's behind NAT using P2PRC. This would indeed be a common
problem when running against various Architectures that do not
support running P2PRC. As you will see soon this also creates
oppurtunity space to scale faster to nodes in a local network
and would introduce a new layer fault tolerance within a local
network nodes.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgc488227" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="orgc488227"><span class="section-number-4">11.1.1.</span> Assumptions:</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-11-1-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>I have a Morello board that cannot run P2PRC</li>
<li>The Morello has a local IP address (ex: 192.168.0.10)</li>
<li>I have 2 laptops running P2PRC in that local network.</li>
<li>This means I have 2 ways to access the Morello board: Which is to SSH
into either 2 laptops and then SSH into 192.168.0.10 to gain access
to the board. Wouldn't it be great to automate this whole layer and
as well look into custom tasks into the hetrogenous hardware.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org254dd34" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org254dd34"><span class="section-number-4">11.1.2.</span> Set of interesting possible:</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-11-1-2">
<p>
We build a cool set possibilities before and use this to build up the implementation
plan.
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>We can use P2PRC access the morello board remotely in a single command.</li>
<li>We can use the P2PRC protocol to run servers inside the morello board via traversed
node locally which can access that Node.</li>
<li>Spin servers on node not running P2PRC using the P2PRC standard abstractions.</li>
<li>Auto-setup P2PRC nodes with just SSH access via potencially a DSL.</li>
<li>A neat use case for CHERI for instance would be use the architecture to run light
weight hypervisors.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org94b2546" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="org94b2546"><span class="section-number-4">11.1.3.</span> Implementation</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-11-1-3">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>To use implementations similar to <a href="https://linux.die.net/man/1/socat">socat</a> to ensure we can bind address of local
nodes to a node running P2PRC and the node running P2PRC can do a local map port.</li>
<li>We are working on hardening the implementation of the &#x2013;mp (Map port) to even
map ports to machines which remotely running P2PRC. This means of instance I
can issue a command to the Morello board without the morello board being in
my local network.</li>
<li>We would want to implement the exsisting P2PRC public key mechanism as well so that
other nodes can access the Morello board who have permission access.</li>
</ul>
<div id="org2f6d1e1" class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/P2PRCRemoteNodes.png" alt="P2PRCRemoteNodes.png" />
</p>
<p><span class="figure-number">Figure 2: </span>Implementation idea (To be improved upon)</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="author">Author: Akilan</p>
<p class="date">Created: 2025-01-28 Tue 16:13</p>
<p class="validation"><a href="https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p>
</div>
</body>
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