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This commit is contained in:
Akilan Selvacoumar
2025-04-02 17:28:49 +01:00
parent 85d66f818a
commit e885f0757e
171 changed files with 81223 additions and 1533 deletions
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@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@
"cstdio": "c",
"cstdlib": "c",
"cwchar": "c",
"new": "c"
"new": "c",
"param.h": "c"
},
"C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "disabled"
}

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# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright(c) 2017 Intel Corporation
# makefile for building kernel modules using meson
# takes parameters from the environment
# source file is passed via KMOD_SRC as relative path, we only use final
# (tail) component of it (:T), as VPATH is used to find actual file. The
# VPATH is similarly extracted from the non-final (head) portion of the
# path (:H) converted to absolute path (:tA). This use of VPATH is to have
# the .o files placed in the build, not source directory
VPATH := ${KMOD_SRC:H:tA}
SRCS := ${KMOD_SRC:T} device_if.h bus_if.h pci_if.h
CFLAGS += $(KMOD_CFLAGS)
.OBJDIR: ${KMOD_OBJDIR}
.include <bsd.kmod.mk>

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KMOD= superpage
SRCS= superpage.c
.include <bsd.kmod.mk>

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cc -O2 -pipe -march=morello -Xclang -morello-vararg=new -Xclang -morello-bounded-memargs=caller-only -mabi=purecap-benchmark -D__LP64__=1 -fno-strict-aliasing -Werror -D_KERNEL -DKLD_MODULE -nostdinc -include /usr/home/akilan/Alloc-Test/CHERI-Allocator/KernelModule/Hugepages/opt_global.h -I. -I/usr/src/sys -I/usr/src/sys/contrib/ck/include -fno-common -fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer -fPIC -fdebug-prefix-map=./machine=/usr/src/sys/arm64/include -MD -MF.depend.superpage.o -MTsuperpage.o -mgeneral-regs-only -ffixed-x18 -march=morello -Xclang -morello-vararg=new -Xclang -morello-bounded-memargs=caller-only -mabi=purecap -ffreestanding -fwrapv -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -Wundef -Wno-pointer-sign -D__printf__=__freebsd_kprintf__ -Wmissing-include-dirs -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-error=tautological-compare -Wno-error=empty-body -Wno-error=parentheses-equality -Wno-error=unused-function -Wno-error=pointer-sign -Wno-error=shift-negative-value -Wno-address-of-packed-member -Wno-format-zero-length -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -std=gnu99 -c superpage.c -o superpage.o
ld -m aarch64elf_cheri -d -warn-common --build-id=sha1 --no-relax --morello-c64-plt -r -o superpage.kld superpage.o
:> export_syms
objcopy --strip-debug superpage.ko

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# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright(c) 2017 Intel Corporation
sources = files('superpage.c')

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KernelModule/Hugepages/superpage.c Normal file
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#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#define HUGE_PAGE_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024) // 2MB Huge Page
static void *hugepage_ptr = NULL;
// Load function - allocate memory
static int load_handler(module_t mod, int event, void *arg) {
switch (event) {
case MOD_LOAD:
printf("Loading Huge Page Kernel Module...\n");
// Allocate contiguous memory
hugepage_ptr = kmem_alloc_contig(HUGE_PAGE_SIZE, M_NOWAIT,
VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS, VM_MAX_KERNEL_ADDRESS,
HUGE_PAGE_SIZE, 0,
VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
if (hugepage_ptr == NULL) {
printf("Failed to allocate a huge page!\n");
return ENOMEM;
}
printf("Huge page allocated at %p\n", hugepage_ptr);
break;
case MOD_UNLOAD:
printf("Unloading Huge Page Kernel Module...\n");
// Free memory if allocated
if (hugepage_ptr) {
kmem_free(hugepage_ptr, HUGE_PAGE_SIZE);
printf("Huge page freed.\n");
}
break;
default:
return EOPNOTSUPP;
}
return 0;
}
// Register module
static moduledata_t superpage_mod = {
"superpage", // Module name
load_handler,
NULL
};
DECLARE_MODULE(superpage, superpage_mod, SI_SUB_DRIVERS, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE);

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# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation
kmods = ['Hugepages']
# for building kernel modules, we use kernel build system using make, as
# with Linux. We have a skeleton BSDmakefile, which pulls many of its
# values from the environment. Each module only has a single source file
# right now, which allows us to simplify things. We pull in the sourcer
# files from the individual meson.build files, and then use a custom
# target to call make, passing in the values as env parameters.
kmod_cflags = ['-I' + dpdk_build_root,
'-I' + join_paths(dpdk_source_root, 'config'),
'-include rte_config.h']
kmod_arch = 'MACHINE_ARCH_NULL='
kmod_arch = 'MACHINE_ARCH=aarch64'
# to avoid warnings due to race conditions with creating the dev_if.h, etc.
# files, serialize the kernel module builds. Each module will depend on
# previous ones
built_kmods = []
foreach k:kmods
subdir(k)
built_kmods += custom_target(k,
input: [files('BSDmakefile.meson'), sources],
output: k + '.ko',
command: ['make', '-f', '@INPUT0@',
'KMOD_OBJDIR=@OUTDIR@',
'KMOD_SRC=@INPUT1@',
'KMOD=' + k,
'KMOD_CFLAGS=' + ' '.join(kmod_cflags),
'CC=clang',
kmod_arch],
depends: built_kmods, # make each module depend on prev
build_by_default: get_option('enable_kmods'),
install: get_option('enable_kmods'),
install_dir: '/boot/modules/')
endforeach

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benchmarks/benchmarks/kmeans/stddefines.h
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/* Copyright (c) 2007-2009, Stanford University
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of Stanford University nor the
* names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY STANFORD UNIVERSITY ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL STANFORD UNIVERSITY BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef STDDEFINES_H_
#define STDDEFINES_H_
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <cheriintrin.h>
#include <cheri/cheric.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
// #include "bitmap.h"
#include "simple.h"
#define MAXPAGESIZES 2
// init_malloc(void) {
// // Init malloc implementation
// INITREGULARALLOC();
// // init_alloc(100,100000);
// // brm_init();
// //alloc_init(104857632);
// }
// void* MALLOC(size_t sz) {
// // malloc implementation
// return MALLOCCHERI(sz);
// // return malloc_buddy(sz);
// // return alloc(sz);
// // return (void *)alloc_chunk();
// }
// void FREE(void *ptr) {
// // free implementation
// FREECHERI(ptr);
// // free_chunk(ptr);
// //free_mem(ptr);
// }
//#define TIMING
/* Debug printf */
#define dprintf(...) fprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__)
/* Wrapper to check for errors */
#define CHECK_ERROR(a) \
if (a) \
{ \
perror("Error at line\n\t" #a "\nSystem Msg"); \
assert ((a) == 0); \
}
// static inline void *MALLOC(size_t size)
// {
// void * temp = malloc(size);
// assert(temp);
// return temp;
// }
static inline void *CALLOC(size_t num, size_t size)
{
void * temp = calloc(num, size);
assert(temp);
return temp;
}
static inline void *REALLOC(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
void * temp = realloc(ptr, size);
assert(temp);
return temp;
}
static inline char *GETENV(char *envstr)
{
char *env = getenv(envstr);
if (!env) return "0";
else return env;
}
#define GET_TIME(start, end, duration) \
duration.tv_sec = (end.tv_sec - start.tv_sec); \
if (end.tv_nsec >= start.tv_nsec) { \
duration.tv_nsec = (end.tv_nsec - start.tv_nsec); \
} \
else { \
duration.tv_nsec = (1000000000L - (start.tv_nsec - end.tv_nsec)); \
duration.tv_sec--; \
} \
if (duration.tv_nsec >= 1000000000L) { \
duration.tv_sec++; \
duration.tv_nsec -= 1000000000L; \
}
static inline unsigned int time_diff (
struct timeval *end, struct timeval *begin)
{
#ifdef TIMING
uint64_t result;
result = end->tv_sec - begin->tv_sec;
result *= 1000000; /* usec */
result += end->tv_usec - begin->tv_usec;
return result;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
static inline void get_time (struct timeval *t)
{
#ifdef TIMING
gettimeofday (t, NULL);
#endif
}
// Expirement work
#define FILENAME "/dev/contigmem"
static char *heap_start;
static char *heap;
static size_t HEAP_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
void *ptr;
int MallocCounter;
size_t sizeUsed;
// INITAlloc(void) {
// size_t sz;
// // Pre Allocate 600 MB
// sz = 100000000;
// int fd = open(FILENAME, O_RDWR, 0600);
// if (fd < 0) {
// perror("open");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
// }
// off_t offset = 0; // offset to seek to.
// if (ftruncate(fd, sz) < 0) {
// perror("ftruncate");
// close(fd);
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
// }
// // ptr = mmap(NULL, sz,
// // PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON,-1,0);
// ptr = mmap(NULL, sz,
// PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,fd,0);
// // Added error handling
// if(ptr == MAP_FAILED)
// {
// perror("mmap");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
// }
// MallocCounter = (int)sz;
// }
// Quick malloc implementation with mmap
void* my_malloc(size_t sz)
{
sz = __builtin_align_up(sz, _Alignof(max_align_t));
// printf("%d \n", sz);
// printf("%d Malloc counter\n", MallocCounter);
MallocCounter -= sz;
void *ptrLink = &ptr[MallocCounter];
ptrLink = cheri_setbounds(ptrLink, sz);
return ptrLink;
// if (heap + sz > heap_start + HEAP_SIZE) return NULL;
// heap += sz;
// return heap - sz;
}
// Quick cheri free implementation
void my_free(void *ptr) {
// printf("free called \n");
// get bounds from
int len = cheri_getlen(ptr);
// printf("free len %d \n", len);
munmap(ptr, len);
}
static int
pagesizes(size_t ps[MAXPAGESIZES])
{
int pscnt;
pscnt = getpagesizes(ps, MAXPAGESIZES);
// ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(pscnt != -1, "getpagesizes failed; errno=%d", errno);
// ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(ps[0] != 0, "psind 0 is %zu", ps[0]);
// ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(pscnt <= MAXPAGESIZES, "invalid pscnt %d", pscnt);
// if (pscnt == 1){
// printf("pscnt is 1");
// }
// atf_tc_skip("no large page support");
return (pscnt);
}
INITREGULARALLOC(void) {
size_t sz;
// Pre Allocate 400 MB
sz = 1073741824;
int error, fd, pscnt, pn;
size_t ps[MAXPAGESIZES];
size_t size[3];
pn = getpagesizes(size, 3);
printf("page size is [%d]", size[2]);
pscnt = pagesizes(ps);
fd = shm_create_largepage(SHM_ANON, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 1, SHM_LARGEPAGE_ALLOC_DEFAULT, 0);
if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOTTY) {
perror("sh_create_largepages");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// if (fd < 0)
// perror("no large page supported");
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
// if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOTTY)
// atf_tc_skip("no large page support");
// ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(fd >= 0, "shm_create_largepage failed; errno=%d", errno);
if (ftruncate(fd, sz) < 0) {
perror("ftruncate");
close(fd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// if (error != 0 && errno == ENOMEM)
// /*
// * The test system might not have enough memory to accommodate
// * the request.
// */
// atf_tc_skip("failed to allocate %zu-byte superpage", sz);
// ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(error == 0, "ftruncate failed; errno=%d", errno);
ptr = mmap(NULL, sz,
PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,fd,0);
// Added error handling
if(ptr == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror("mmap");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
MallocCounter = (int)sz;
}
// ------------------------------ bitmap allocator ----------------------------
#define BITS_PER_BYTE 8
char *buffer = NULL; /* allocation buffer */
unsigned char *bitmap = NULL; /* bitmap for the buffer */
int buffer_size = 0; /* size of buffer (in bytes) */
int bitmap_size = 0; /* size of bitmap (in bytes) */
int bytes_per_chunk = 0; /* size of single chunk (in bytes) */
void init_alloc(int num_chunks, int chunk_size)
{
int i = 0;
/* we need to increase the num_chunks
* so every bit in bitmap will be used
*/
int adjusted_num_chunks = (num_chunks % BITS_PER_BYTE == 0)
? num_chunks
: (num_chunks + (BITS_PER_BYTE - (num_chunks % BITS_PER_BYTE)));
/* we need to increase the chunk_size
* so chunks will be CHERI aligned
* (i.e. 16 bytes for RISC-V 64-bit arch)
*/
int adjusted_chunk_size =
(chunk_size % (sizeof(void *)) == 0)
? chunk_size
: (chunk_size + (sizeof(void *)) - (chunk_size % (sizeof(void *))));
/* check this chunk size is small enough so we can represent
* bounds precisely with CHERI compressed representation
*/
adjusted_chunk_size = cheri_representable_length(adjusted_chunk_size);
/* request memory for our allocation buffer */
char *res = mmap(NULL, adjusted_num_chunks * adjusted_chunk_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
/* request memory for our bitmap */
bitmap = (void *) mmap(NULL, adjusted_num_chunks / BITS_PER_BYTE,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
if (res == MAP_FAILED || bitmap == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror("error in initial mem allocation");
exit(-1);
}
/* NB mmap min bounds for capability is 1 page (4K) */
buffer = res;
/* check buffer is aligned */
assert((uintptr_t) buffer % sizeof(void *) == 0);
/* check bitmap is aligned */
assert((uintptr_t) bitmap % sizeof(void *) == 0);
bytes_per_chunk = adjusted_chunk_size;
buffer_size = adjusted_num_chunks * adjusted_chunk_size;
bitmap_size = adjusted_num_chunks / BITS_PER_BYTE;
/* zero bitmap, since all chunks are free initially */
for (i = 0; i < bitmap_size; i++)
{
bitmap[i] = 0;
}
// set exact bounds for buffer and bitmap?
buffer = cheri_setbounds(buffer, buffer_size);
bitmap = cheri_setbounds(bitmap, bitmap_size);
return;
}
/*
* allocate fixed size chunk with bitmap allocator
* this is our simplistic `malloc` function
*/
char *alloc_chunk()
{
unsigned char updated_byte = 0;
int chunk_index = 0;
char *chunk = NULL;
// iterate over all bits in bitmap, looking for a 0
// when we find a 0, set it to 1 and
// return the corresponding chunk
// (setting its capability bounds)
int i = 0;
while (bitmap[i] == (unsigned char) 0xff)
{
i++;
if (i >= bitmap_size)
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/module.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <vm/vm.h> // ✅ Defines vm_size_t, vm_offset_t
#include <vm/vm_param.h> // ✅ Extra VM-related macros
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h> // ✅ Must be included AFTER <vm/vm.h>
#define HUGE_PAGE_SIZE (2 * 1024 * 1024) // 2MB Large Page
static void *hugepage_ptr = NULL;
static int load_handler(module_t mod, int event, void *arg) {
switch (event) {
case MOD_LOAD:
printf("Loading Huge Page Kernel Module...\n");
hugepage_ptr = kmem_alloc_contig(HUGE_PAGE_SIZE, M_WAITOK,
0, BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR,
HUGE_PAGE_SIZE, 0,
VM_MEMATTR_DEFAULT);
if (!hugepage_ptr) {
printf("Failed to allocate a huge page!\n");
return ENOMEM;
}
printf("Huge page allocated at %p\n", hugepage_ptr);
break;
}
// do we have a 0?
if (i < bitmap_size && bitmap[i] != (unsigned char) 0xff)
{
// find the lowest 0 ...
int j = 0;
// right shift until bottom bit is 0
for (j = 0; j < BITS_PER_BYTE; j++)
{
int bit = (bitmap[i] >> j) & 1;
if (bit == 0)
{
break;
case MOD_UNLOAD:
if (hugepage_ptr) {
kmem_free(hugepage_ptr, HUGE_PAGE_SIZE);
printf("Huge page freed.\n");
}
}
// now i is the word index, j is the bit index
// set this bit to 1 ...
// and work out the chunk to allocate
updated_byte = bitmap[i] + (unsigned char) (1 << j);
bitmap[i] = updated_byte;
printf("Unloading module...\n");
break;
chunk_index = i * BITS_PER_BYTE + j;
chunk = buffer + (chunk_index * bytes_per_chunk);
/* restrict capability range before returning ptr */
chunk = cheri_setbounds(chunk, bytes_per_chunk);
default:
return EOPNOTSUPP;
}
return chunk;
return 0;
}
void free_chunk(void *chunk)
{
vaddr_t base = cheri_getbase(chunk);
vaddr_t buff_base = cheri_getbase(buffer);
/* calculate chunk index in buffer */
int chunk_index = (base - buff_base) / bytes_per_chunk;
assert(chunk_index >= 0);
/* calculate corresponding bitmap index */
int bitmap_index = chunk_index / BITS_PER_BYTE;
assert(bitmap_index < bitmap_size);
int bitmap_offset = chunk_index % BITS_PER_BYTE;
/* set this bitmap entry to 0 */
unsigned char updated_byte = bitmap[bitmap_index] & (unsigned char) (~(1 << bitmap_offset));
bitmap[bitmap_index] = updated_byte;
return;
}
static moduledata_t superpage_mod = {
"superpage",
load_handler,
NULL
};
int num_used_chunks()
{
int i = 0;
int used_chunks = 0;
while (i < bitmap_size)
{
unsigned char x = bitmap[i];
if (x != 0)
{
/* some used chunks here */
unsigned char j;
for (j = 1; j <= x; j = j << 1)
{
if (x & j)
{
used_chunks++;
}
}
}
i++;
}
return used_chunks;
}
#endif // STDDEFINES_H_
DECLARE_MODULE(superpage, superpage_mod, SI_SUB_DRIVERS, SI_ORDER_MIDDLE);

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#
# Makefile for acmart package
#
# This file is in public domain
#
# $Id: Makefile,v 1.10 2016/04/14 21:55:57 boris Exp $
#
PACKAGE=acmart
DEV=-dev # To switch dev on
#DEV=
PDF = $(PACKAGE).pdf acmguide.pdf
BIBLATEXFILES= $(wildcard *.bbx) $(wildcard *.cbx) $(wildcard *.dbx) $(wildcard *.lbx)
SAMPLEBIBLATEXFILES=$(patsubst %,samples/%,$(BIBLATEXFILES))
ACMCPSAMPLES= \
samples/sample-acmcp-Discussion.pdf \
samples/sample-acmcp-Invited.pdf \
samples/sample-acmcp-Position.pdf \
samples/sample-acmcp-Research.pdf \
samples/sample-acmcp-Review.pdf \
all: ${PDF} ALLSAMPLES
%.pdf: %.dtx $(PACKAGE).cls
pdflatex $<
- bibtex $*
pdflatex $<
- makeindex -s gind.ist -o $*.ind $*.idx
- makeindex -s gglo.ist -o $*.gls $*.glo
pdflatex $<
while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' $*.log) \
do pdflatex $<; done
acmguide.pdf: $(PACKAGE).dtx $(PACKAGE).cls
pdflatex -jobname acmguide $(PACKAGE).dtx
- bibtex acmguide
pdflatex -jobname acmguide $(PACKAGE).dtx
while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' acmguide.log) \
do pdflatex -jobname acmguide $(PACKAGE).dtx; done
%.cls: %.ins %.dtx
pdflatex $<
ALLSAMPLES: $(SAMPLEBIBLATEXFILES)
cd samples; pdflatex samples.ins; cd ..
for texfile in samples/*.tex; do \
pdffile=$${texfile%.tex}.pdf; \
${MAKE} $$pdffile; \
done
samples/%: %
cp $^ samples
samples/$(PACKAGE).cls: $(PACKAGE).cls
samples/ACM-Reference-Format.bst: ACM-Reference-Format.bst
samples/abbrev.bib: ACM-Reference-Format.bst
perl -pe 's/MACRO ({[^}]*}) *\n/MACRO \1/' ACM-Reference-Format.bst \
| grep MACRO | sed 's/MACRO {/@STRING{/' \
| sed 's/} *{/ = /' > samples/abbrev.bib
samples/%.bbx: %.bbx
samples/%.cbx: %.cbx
samples/%.dbx: %.dbx
samples/%.lbx: %.lbx
samples/%.pdf: samples/%.tex samples/$(PACKAGE).cls samples/ACM-Reference-Format.bst
cd $(dir $@) && pdflatex${DEV} $(notdir $<)
- cd $(dir $@) && bibtex $(notdir $(basename $<))
cd $(dir $@) && pdflatex${DEV} $(notdir $<)
cd $(dir $@) && pdflatex${DEV} $(notdir $<)
while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' $(basename $<).log) \
do cd $(dir $@) && pdflatex${DEV} $(notdir $<); done
samples/sample-sigconf-biblatex.pdf: samples/sample-sigconf-biblatex.tex $(SAMPLEBIBLATEXFILES)
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cd $(dir $@) && pdflatex${DEV} $(notdir $<)
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cd $(dir $@) && lualatex${DEV} $(notdir $<)
while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' $(basename $<).log) \
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samples/sample-acmcp.pdf: samples/acm-jdslogo.png
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docclean:
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*.cfg *.glo *.idx *.toc \
*.ilg *.ind *.out *.lof \
*.lot *.bbl *.blg *.gls *.cut *.hd \
*.dvi *.ps *.thm *.tgz *.zip *.rpi \
samples/$(PACKAGE).cls samples/ACM-Reference-Format.bst \
samples/*.log samples/*.aux samples/*.out \
samples/*.bbl samples/*.blg samples/*.cut \
samples/acm-jdslogo.png \
samples/*.run.xml samples/*.bcf $(SAMPLEBIBLATEXFILES)
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$(RM) $(PACKAGE).cls \
samples/*.tex
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$(RM) *.pdf samples/sample-*.pdf
#
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#
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zip: all clean
zip -r $(PACKAGE).zip * -x '*~' -x '*.tgz' -x '*.zip' -x CVS -x 'CVS/*'
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zip -r acm-distro.zip \
acmart.pdf acmguide.pdf samples *.cls ACM-Reference-Format.* \
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samples/*.bib \
acmart.pdf acmguide.pdf *.cls ACM-Reference-Format.*
acmcp.zip: ${ACMCPSAMPLES} acmart.cls
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samples/sample-acmcp.tex: samples/samples.ins samples/samples.dtx
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samples/sample-acmcp-%.tex: samples/sample-acmcp.tex samples/acm-jdslogo.png
sed 's/acmArticleType{Review}/acmArticleType{$*}/' $< > $@
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22
docs/EuroSys/Paper/paper.bbl
View File

@@ -28,6 +28,20 @@ Jonathan Woodruff, Alexandre Joannou, Hongyan Xia, Anthony Fox, Robert~M.
\newblock {CHERI} concentrate: Practical compressed capabilities.
\newblock 68(10):1455--1469.
\bibitem{chen_flexpointer_2023}
Dongwei Chen, Dong Tong, Chun Yang, Jiangfang Yi, and Xu~Cheng.
\newblock {FlexPointer}: Fast address translation based on range {TLB} and
tagged pointers.
\newblock 20(2):1--24.
\bibitem{karakostas_redundant_2015}
Vasileios Karakostas, Jayneel Gandhi, Furkan Ayar, Adrián Cristal, Mark~D.
Hill, Kathryn~S. {McKinley}, Mario Nemirovsky, Michael~M. Swift, and Osman
Ünsal.
\newblock Redundant memory mappings for fast access to large memories.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Symposium on
Computer Architecture}, pages 66--78. {ACM}.
\bibitem{jemalloc}
{JEMALLOC}.
@@ -71,12 +85,4 @@ Arkaprava Basu, Jayneel Gandhi, Jichuan Chang, Mark~D. Hill, and Michael~M.
\newblock Efficient virtual memory for big memory servers.
\newblock {\em SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News}, 41(3):237–248, June 2013.
\bibitem{karakostas_redundant_2015}
Vasileios Karakostas, Jayneel Gandhi, Furkan Ayar, Adrián Cristal, Mark~D.
Hill, Kathryn~S. {McKinley}, Mario Nemirovsky, Michael~M. Swift, and Osman
Ünsal.
\newblock Redundant memory mappings for fast access to large memories.
\newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 42nd Annual International Symposium on
Computer Architecture}, pages 66--78. {ACM}.
\end{thebibliography}

63
docs/EuroSys/Paper/paper.blg
View File

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ Warning--entry type for "Morello" isn't style-file defined
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Warning--empty journal in mittal_survey_2017
Warning--empty year in mittal_survey_2017
Warning--empty year in panwar_hawkeye_2019
@@ -21,48 +20,50 @@ Warning--empty journal in woodruff_cheri_2014
Warning--empty year in woodruff_cheri_2014
Warning--empty journal in woodruff_cheri_2019
Warning--empty year in woodruff_cheri_2019
Warning--empty journal in chen_flexpointer_2023
Warning--empty year in chen_flexpointer_2023
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Warning--empty journal in THP
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You've used 14 entries,
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14
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@@ -225,6 +225,11 @@
By leveraging capability-based addressing, memory allocators can efficiently manage memory resources, ensure
robust security measures are in place, and potentially enhance performance through the integration of huge pages,
further improving TLB efficiency and memory handling.
Through our evaluation using both micro and macro benchmarks,
we show that our allocator can reduce TLB misses by up to 90\%,
leading to substantial improvements in wall clock runtimes for memory-intensive
applications.
\end{abstract}
%%
@@ -351,8 +356,7 @@ Through comprehensive evaluation, including micro and macro benchmarks, we demon
to reduce TLB misses by up to 90\%, yielding significant improvements in wall clock runtimes for memory-intensive
applications. While its impact on larger, computation-heavy workloads is less pronounced,
the proposed allocator shows strong potential for advancing memory management in scenarios requiring
high memory throughput and low translation overhead. The following below are research questions
we are addressing:
high memory throughput and low translation overhead.
\newline
\begin{enumerate}
@@ -368,13 +372,13 @@ we are addressing:
\section{Fat-pointer Address Translations}
Fat-pointer Address Translations, combined with the capabilities of the CHERI (Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions)
architecture, introduce robust memory safety and security features by incorporating additional metadata
with memory pointers. This enhanced architecture utilizes concepts such as FlexPointer,
Range Memory Mapping (RMM) to manage memory effectively.
with memory pointers. Fat-pointer Address Translations enhanced architecture utilizes concepts such as FlexPointer\cite{chen_flexpointer_2023},
Range Memory Mapping (RMM)\cite{karakostas_redundant_2015} to manage memory effectively.
Range addresses play a pivotal role within this implementation, defining memory
regions bounded by a starting address (Upper) and an ending address (Lower).
These range addresses are encoded within FAT-pointers, allowing for precise
control over memory regions.
control using CHERI CC\cite{woodruff_cheri_2019} bounds over memory regions to reduce the number of TLB operations needed.
% The functionality of ranges encompasses several key aspects:
% \begin{itemize}
@@ -407,7 +411,7 @@ right side of the figure.
This technique contrasts with the
conventional approach.
We explore how using Huge pages
We explore how using huge pages
with CHERI bounds can reduce the
number of TLB entries required.
@@ -419,7 +423,7 @@ The functionality of ranges encompasses several key aspects:
\caption{Range of memory}
\label{fig:RangeOfMemory}
\end{figure}
Integrating range bounds directly into FAT-pointers enables the architecture
Integrating range bounds directly into FAT-pointers enables the CHERI architecture
to enforce memory access restrictions at the pointer level thus allowing
tracking of memory ranges on a pointer level. In this implementation, memory ranges are established using
bounds encoded within the FAT-pointer, adhering to the CHERI
@@ -429,10 +433,41 @@ Figure \ref{fig:RangeOfMemory} illustrates a straightforward use-case in which t
large contiguous memory area, or huge page. Within this huge page, the orange and blue lines indicate
two separate memory allocations equivalent to invoking malloc twice to allocate memory in distinct regions.
This scenario simulates a block-based memory allocator operating within the confines of the huge page.
The allocations leverage the bounds encoded in the FAT-pointer, ensuring tracking and efficient
management of the allocated memory regions. By using the FAT-pointer bounds, this method maintains the
The allocations leverage the bounds encoded in the FAT-pointer, ensuring tracking of the allocated memory regions. By using the FAT-pointer bounds, this method maintains the
integrity and contiguity of the allocated blocks within the huge page.
\subsection{128 bit compressed bounds}
% We use CHERI CC (Compressed bounds) to track regions of memory used in physically
% contigous space. CHERI CC consists of bounds which are compressed and represent a
% 128 bit pointer with a 64 bit virtual address system. Our appproach is to use
% a constant single cycle to encode and decode bounds. CHERI CC was originally intended
% for memory protection but can also be repurposed for tracking memory region rather
% than using the standard approach with consists of numerous TLB entries for each allocation.
% One of the key analysis highlighted by CHERI CC is that allocators such as Jemalloc always
% allocate objects under 512 bytes. When a bound of an object cannot be represented it is required
% to be padded to memory. It was noted that allocators just as Jemalloc in practice do not require
% more than 6 bits to represent exponents needed within the compressed bounds.
% This means the default behavoir of most allocators such as Jemalloc would precisely represent bounds
% within the FAT-Pointer which can be repurposed as ranges in memory allocators with custom allocation
% sizes rather than fixed sized TLB entries.
We use CHERI CC\cite{woodruff_cheri_2019} (Compressed Capabilities) to track regions of memory in physically contiguous space.
CHERI CC consists of compressed bounds that represent a 128-bit pointer within a 64-bit virtual address
system. Our approach utilizes a single-cycle encoding and decoding mechanism for efficiency. While CHERI
CC was originally designed for memory protection, it can also be repurposed for tracking memory regions,
eliminating the need for multiple TLB entries for each allocation.
One key analysis of CHERI CC highlights that allocators like Jemalloc typically allocate objects under
512 bytes. When an object’s bounds cannot be precisely represented, padding is required to ensure
memory safety. However, it has been observed that Jemalloc rarely needs more than 6 bits to store the
exponent values within compressed bounds.
This means that the default behavior of most allocators, such as Jemalloc, would allow precise
representation of bounds within a FAT-pointer. These pointers can then be repurposed as memory ranges
in custom memory allocators, offering a more flexible alternative to fixed-size TLB entries.
% \subsection{Creation of Physically Contiguous Memory Ranges}
% \smallskip\noindent
@@ -450,7 +485,7 @@ Traditional address translation methods rely on hierarchical
structures to map virtual addresses to physical addresses.
This often requires multiple entries to handle different
memory segments, which increases overhead and adds complexity
to the translation process. In contrast, the current approach
to the translation process. In contrast, Our approach
simplifies this by using a single TLB
entry to translate multiple addresses within a contiguous memory
range. This reduces the number of TLB entries needed, making the
@@ -482,10 +517,9 @@ function deallocates the memory, returning it to the pool for future use.
A notable feature of this malloc implementation is its compatibility with kernel modules,
where it can be integrated as an alternative to the mmap system call. This integration
ensures that memory allocations are physically contiguous, a critical requirement for
certain low-level operations and hardware interactions. By providing physically contiguous
ensures that memory allocations are physically contiguous. By providing physically contiguous
memory blocks, this allocator can serve as a foundational layer for standard block-based allocators,
such as Jemalloc, enabling them to operate efficiently in environments where physical memory
such as Jemalloc, enabling them to operate with significantly lesser L1 TLB misses with programs with heavy memory usage with smaller allocations where physical memory
contiguity is essential.
\begin{algorithm}
@@ -502,8 +536,8 @@ contiguity is essential.
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}
When the malloc function \ref{alg:malloc} is invoked, the algorithm employs an eager allocation strategy for physical memory.
This is achieved through the use of the SetBounds mechanism, which constructs a FAT-pointer—a specialized
When the malloc function (Algorithm \ref{alg:malloc}) is invoked, the algorithm employs an eager allocation strategy for physical memory.
This is achieved through the use of the SetBounds mechanism, which constructs a FAT-pointer specialized
pointer that encodes both the start and end addresses of the allocated memory region within the pointer
itself. The start and end addresses correspond to the size of the memory block requested by malloc. This
approach introduces a method of memory tracking, where the bounds of the allocated region are
@@ -526,7 +560,7 @@ efficient memory management but also demonstrates a practical usecase of huge pa
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}
The memory deallocation \ref{alg:free} mechanism in the proposed allocator is facilitated by the FAT-pointer structure
The memory deallocation (Algorithm \ref{alg:free}) mechanism in the proposed allocator is facilitated by the FAT-pointer structure
introduced in the malloc algorithm. When the free function is invoked, it utilizes the metadata
embedded within the FAT-pointer to determine the range and size of the allocated memory region.
Specifically, the start and end addresses encoded in the FAT-pointer provide the necessary information
@@ -716,10 +750,10 @@ timing help measure system performance and ensure correctness.
\subsection{Results}
\begin{figure*}[h]
\includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{diagram/bargraph.png}
\caption{\label{fig:orga7f3598}Percentage difference between the modified memory allocator against the default system memory allocator}
\caption{\label{fig:bargraph}Percentage difference between the modified memory allocator against the default system memory allocator}
\end{figure*}
The graph\ref{fig:bargraph} highlights the performance comparison between the modified memory allocator and
The graph (Diagram \ref{fig:bargraph}) highlights the performance comparison between the modified memory allocator and
Jemalloc, the default memory allocator. The FAT pointer memory allocator, specifically optimized
for use with huge pages, demonstrates a clear advantage in scenarios where memory allocation
patterns benefit from its design. The results align with expectations, showcasing the impact
@@ -757,7 +791,7 @@ bottlenecked by factors such as computation or I/O rather than memory translatio
aimed to understand how the allocator's optimizations, particularly its ability to manage memory
more efficiently with huge pages, impact performance under different workload conditions.
For most cluster sizes tested, the percentage difference in performance remained relatively
For most cluster sizes tested, the percentage difference in performance remained relatively
consistent. This indicates that the allocator's efficiency scales predictably with increasing
workload sizes, suggesting a stable and uniform benefit across different configurations. The
consistent performance gain is likely due to the allocator's ability to minimize TLB misses
@@ -903,48 +937,22 @@ Bypassing the TLB in RISC-V Tooba.
\subsection{Hardware Modifications:}
The Bluespec design of the RISC-V processor will be modified to allow certain memory operations to bypass the TLB. This means that when a pointer with encoded offset and bounds is used, the system can directly compute the physical address from the capability information.
This modification reduces the dependency on the TLB, decreasing latency and improving performance, especially for frequent memory operations.
Transition to a Single-Address-Space Operating System (SASOS)\cite{esswoodcheriosnodate}.
\subsection{Concept of SASOS:}
In traditional operating systems, there is a clear separation between user space and kernel space. This separation is enforced by memory protection mechanisms and address translation through the TLB.
In a Single-Address-Space Operating System, this distinction is removed. Both user applications and the kernel share the same contiguous address space.
\subsection{Advantages of SASOS with CHERI:}
% Rewrite this bit
\begin{itemize}
\item Simplified Memory Management : Without the need to switch between user and kernel spaces, memory management becomes simpler and more efficient.
The kernel allocator can be the same as the user space allocator, operating on a single, contiguous chunk of memory.
\item Unified Allocator: The unified memory allocator can efficiently manage memory for both kernel and user applications, leveraging CHERI's capability-based protection to prevent unauthorized access.
This reduces overhead and potential fragmentation issues associated with maintaining separate memory spaces.
\end{itemize}
\section{Conclusion} %Title of the Conclusion
This paper addresses the growing disparity between application workloads and the capacity of Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs).
To mitigate this gap, it proposes leveraging physically contiguous memory to optimize TLB utilization. Additionally,
To mitigate this gap, it proposes leveraging physically contiguous memory to reduce TLB walks. Additionally,
the report explores advancements in system security, particularly through the Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions (CHERI)
architecture. CHERI's capability-based addressing enhances system security by associating capabilities with memory pointers,
restricting access to memory regions, and thus protecting against various security threats. Importantly, these mechanisms
can also improve the efficiency of memory allocators by managing memory resources while ensuring robust security measures.
can also improve the reduction of TLB walks to memory allocators by using CHERI bounds while maintaining CHERI's security guarantees.
\newline
This paper highlights the constant pursuit of optimal performance in computing, emphasizing the importance of
efficient memory management. TLBs are crucial in expediting memory access by storing recently accessed memory translations.
However, as applications grow in size and complexity, TLB capacity often becomes a bottleneck. One innovative solution
is the use of huge pages, which allocate memory in larger chunks, thereby reducing the number of TLB entries required
and potentially enhancing overall system performance. Advancements in hardware-level security, such as CHERI's
capability-based addressing, offer additional performance enhancement opportunities by tightly controlling memory
access and accelerating memory management operations. Integrating huge pages into memory management strategies
alongside CHERI's capability-based addressing can optimize TLB utilization and leverage security features for
significant performance improvements.
\newline
% The future work section outlines the planned research timeline, focusing on the development and evaluation of FAT-pointer-based
% range addresses. Key milestones include the initial development phase in July 2024, followed by integration with the RISC-V architecture
% from August to September 2024. Detailed testing and evaluation are scheduled from October 2024 to February 2025, with an extension
% of the implementation to uni-kernels planned from March to May 2025. Finalization and optimization of the approach are expected
% from June to September 2025, culminating in a comprehensive evaluation and documentation of the results from January to September 2026.
% \newline
Comprehensive benchmarking demonstrates that the allocator reduces TLB misses by up to 90\%,
leading to substantial performance gains in memory-intensive workloads, though the improvements are less pronounced
for larger, computation-heavy applications. These results highlight the allocator's potential to advance memory management
by combining enhanced security and performance through CHERI's capability-based model with the use of huge pages.
This paper aims to demonstrate how leveraging physically contiguous memory and advanced security architectures like CHERI can
enhance memory management efficiency while ensuring robust security measures. These advancements ultimately contribute to
improved system performance, addressing the challenges posed by the increasing complexity and size of modern application workloads.

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@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
This package provides a class for typesetting publications of the
Association for Computing Machinery.
Your TeX distribution probably includes the latest released version of
this package. If you decide to install it yourself, please see the
Installation section of the User's Guide.
Please note that the version on Github is a development (or
experimental) version: please download it for testing new features.
The production version is the one on CTAN and ACM sites.
Changes
Version 2.08. Section titles are in lowercase now.
Documentation updates.
Version 2.07. Corrected typo in TELO eISSN.
Version 2.06. Added eISSN for a number of journals.
ACM no longer collects or prints authors'
postal addresses
Version 2.05 Changed title for TELO.
Version 2.04 Compatibility with the new latex-dev format
eSSN is always printed, even if pSSN is present
Wording change in copyright statement
Version 2.03 Cleaned generation of samples.
New options for printing conference proceedings
in ACM journals
Version 2.02 Documentation update.
Changes in TOG templates
Corrected typo in ACM/IMS journals
Version 2.01 \acmPrice now produces a warning.
Version 2.00 ACM switches to electronic only version.
We do not print article tabs anymore.
New copyright wording.
Deleted \acmPrice.
Version 1.93 Added PACMSE
Version 1.92 Documentation update
Emergency change: changed order of hyperref and hyperxmp
due to changes in the undelying packages
Version 1.91 Minor changes in ACMCP format
Version 1.90a Changes in the sample keywords and concepts
Version 1.90 Journal ISSN updated
Version 1.89a Added version info to .bst
Version 1.89 Bug fixes
Redesign of ACMCP
New positioning of badges
New journals: PACMMOD, TOPML
Version 1.88 New ISSNs
Documentation updates
New journal: PACMNET
Version 1.87 CC license is allowed for non-acm documents and ACM Engage
documents only
New format acmcp for the cover page
New journals: JATS, ACMJCSS, TORS
Bug fixes
Version 1.86. Empty country in affiliation now produces an error
Bug fixes
New samples for acmengage
Version 1.85. Bug fixes
Added support for Creative Commons licenses (requires
doclicense images)
New journals
New format acmengage for ACM Engage CSEdu course materials
Version 1.84 Support for BibLaTeX rewritten (thanks to
Roberto Di Cosmo and Kartik Singhal)
Corrected German translation (thanks to Dirk Beyer)
New journals
Version 1.83 Support for multilanguage papers
ISSN changes for some journals
Version 1.82 Bug fixes.
New command \anon for anonymization of short strings.
Documentation update.
Version 1.81 Bug fixes
New bib field distinctURL to print URL even if doi is present.
Reworded samples
Version 1.80 New journals: DLT, FAC
Version 1.79 Fixed pages with index
(https://github.com/borisveytsman/acmart/issues/440)
Updated information for TAP, TCPS, TEAC
Version 1.78 Documentation update.
Magic texcount comments for samples.
Title page now is split if there are too many authors
Bug fixes.
Version 1.77 Changed the way to typeset multiple affiliations (Christoph Sommer)
Version 1.76 Added many journal abbreviations to the bst.
New experimental option: pbalance
ORCID linking code
Version 1.75 Omitted \country now produces error.
Added \AtBeginMaketitle
Version 1.74 Bug fixes. A regression introduced in the font changes
is reverted.
Version 1.73 Bug fixes
The elements institution, city and country are now obligatory
for affiliations. The absence of them produces a warning
Version 1.72 Bug fixes. Better handling of metadata.
Version 1.71 Bug fixes
Formats sigchi and sigchi-a are retired
Bibliography formatting changes for @inproceedings entries
having both series and volume
LuaLaTeX now uses the same OTF fonts as XeLaTeX
Version 1.70 Title change for ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science
Bug fixes for bibliography
Version 1.69 Bug fixes
Compatibility with LaTeX 2020-02-02 release
Version 1.68 Bug fixes
BST now recognizes words `Paper' or 'Article' in
eid or articleno
Version 1.67 Urgent bug fixes:
BibTeX style bug fixed (Michael D. Adams)
Sigplan special section bugfix
Version 1.66 Bug fixes
BibTeX change: location is now a synonym for city (Feras Saad)
ACM reference format is now mandatory for papers over one page.
CCS concepts and keywords are now mandatory for
papers over two pages.
Authors' addresses are mandatory for journal articles.
Version 1.65 Bug fixes
New journal: DGOV
DTRAP and HEALTH are now using acmlarge format
Version 1.64 Produce error if abstract is entered after maketitle
(previously abstract was silently dropped)
Bug fixes for line numbering
Version 1.63a Moved TQUANT to TQC
Version 1.63 New journals: TQUANT, FACMP
Version 1.62 Documentation update
New journal: TELO
Bug fixes
Version 1.61 Bug fixes
New bibtex types for artifacts
Version 1.60 New option: urlbreakonhyphens (thanks to Peter Kemp)
Smaller header size for acmsmall
Version 1.59 Now a journal format can be used for conference proceedings
All samples are now generated from the same .dtx file
Bug fixes
Version 1.58 Suppressed spurious warnings.
New journal: HEALTH.
TDSCI is renamed to TDS.
Version 1.57 Change of \baselinestretch now produces an error
Booktabs is now always loaded
Added option `balance' to balance last page in two-column mode
E-mail is no longer split in addresses
New samples (Stephen Spencer)
Version 1.56 Bug fixes
Added \flushbottom to two column formats (Philip Quinn)
The final punctuation for the list of concepts
is now a period instead of a semicolon (Philip Quinn)
New command \Description to describe images for visually
impaired users.
Version 1.55 Bug fixes
Font changes for SIGCHI table captions
Version 1.54 New option: 'nonacm' (Gabriel Scherer)
Deleted indent for subsubsection (suggested by Ross Moore)
Suppressed some obscurious warning in BibTeX processing
Suppressed hyperrerf warnings (Paolo G. Giarrusso)
New code for sections to help with accessibility patches
(Ross Moore)
Submission id, if present, is printed in anon mode
Bug fixes
Version 1.53 New journals: PACMCGIT, TIOT, TDSCI
Version 1.52 Another rewording of licenses
Version 1.51 Journal footers now use abbreviated journal titles.
Corrected the bug with acmPrice.
Do not show price when copyright is set to iw3c2w3 and iw3c2w3g.
The package now is compatible with polyglossia (Joachim Breitner).
Slightly reworded copyright statements.
Version 1.50 Changes in iw3c2w3 and iw3c2w3g
Version 1.49 New jorunal: DTRAP
Version 1.48 Bug fixes
Review mode now switches on folios
Code prettying (Michael D. Adams)
Bibliography changes: @MISC entries no longer have a
separate date
Sigch-a sample bibliography renamed
Bib code cleanup (Zack Weinberg)
Acmart and version info are added to pdfcreator tag
\citeyear no longer produces parenthetical year
Added initial support for Biblatex (Daniel Thomas)
Added support for IW3C2 conferences
Version 1.47 New journal: THRI
Version 1.46 Bug fixes for bibliography: label width is now calculated
correctly.
All PACM now use screen option. This requires etoolbox.
Added subtitle to ACM reference format.
Now acmart is compatible with fontspec.
\thanks is now obsolete. The addresses are automatically
added to the journal version; this can be overriden with
\authorsaddresses command.
Deleted the rule at the end of frontmatter for all formats.
Deleted new line before doi in the reference format.
Reintegrated theorem code into acmart.dtx (Matthew Fluet)
Version 1.45 Workaround for a Libertine bug. Thanks to LianTze Lim
from Overleaf
Version 1.44 Bug fixes.
Empty DOI and ISBN suppress printing DOI or ISBN lines
Separated theorem code into acmthm.sty, loaded by default.
Article number can be set for proceedings.
New commands: \acmBooktile, \editor.
Reference citation format updated.
Version 1.43 Bug fixes
Version 1.42 Deleted ACM badges
Bug fixes
Version 1.41 Rearranged bib files
Added new badges
Version 1.40 Bibliography changes
Added processing of one-compoment ccsdesc nodes
Bug fixes.
Made the height a multiple of \baselineskip + \topskip
Added cleveref
We no longer print street address in SIGs
Version 1.39 Added \authornotemark commmand
Version 1.38 Increase default font size for SIGPLAN
Version 1.37 Reduce list indentation (Matthew Fluet)
Version 1.36 Bug fixes
Moved PACMPL to acmlarge format
New journal: PACMHCI
Added the possibility to adjust number of author
boxes per row in conference formats
Version 1.35 Author-year bib style now uses square brackets.
Changed defaults for TOG sample
Price is suppressed for usgov and rightsretained modes.
Bugs fixed
Version 1.34 Deleted DOI from doi numbers
Changed bibstrip formatting
The command \terms is now obsolete
The rulers in review mode now have continuous numbering
Version 1.33 New option `timestamp' (Michael D. Adams)
New option `authordraft'
Documentation updates
Bug fixes
We now use Type 1 versions of Libertine fonts even with XeTeX.
New hook acmart-preload-hook.tex (wizards only!)
Added new options `obeypunctuation' for \affiliation command
Added SubmissionID
Added right line count ruler for two-column formats
Added workaround for Adobe Acrobat bugs in selection
Added eid field to the bibliography
Version 1.32 New DOI formatting.
Format siggraph is now obsolete, and sigconf
is used instead.
New proceedings title: POMACS.
Version 1.31 Changed default year and month to the current ones
(thanks to Matteo Riondato)
Table of contents now works
Marginalia now work in all formats
New command \additionalaffiliation
Documentation changes
Version 1.30 Bibtex style now recognizes https:// in doi.
Added \frenchspacing.
\department now has an optional hierarchy level.
Switched to T1 encoding
Updated IMWUT and PACMPL
Version 1.29 Documentation changes. Head height increased from 12pt to 13pt.
Removed spurious indent at start of abstract.
Improved kerning in CCS description list.
Version 1.28 Bug fixes: natbib=false now behaves correctly.
Version 1.27 Bug fixes
Version 1.26 Bug fixes
Version 1.25 Updated PACMPL journal option.
Version 1.24 Added IMWUT journal option.
Version 1.23 Added PACM PL journal option.
Version 1.22 Bibliography changes for Aptara backend; should be
invisible for the users.
Version 1.21 Bibliography changes: added arXiv, some cleanup
Version 1.20 Bug fixes, documentation updates
Version 1.19 Include 'Abstract', 'Acknowledgements', and 'References'
in PDF bookmarks.
Version 1.18 Natbib is now the default for all versions. A unified bib
file is used for all styles. Better treatment
of multiple affiliations.
Version 1.17 Formatting changes for margins and lists. Bug fixes.
Version 1.16 Formatting changes for headers and footers.
Version 1.15 New structured affiliation command.
New commands for acknowledgements.
Version 1.14 Warn about undefined citation styles; move definitions
of acmauthoryear and acmnumeric citation styles before
use.
Version 1.13 Formatting changes: headers, folios etc.
Bibliography changes.
Version 1.12 Bug fixes and documentation updates.
Footnotes rearranged.
Option natbib is now mostly superfluous: the class
makes a guess based on the format chosen.
Version 1.11 Customization of ACM theorem styles and proof
environment (Matthew Fluet).
Version 1.10 Bug fixes
Version 1.09 SIGPLAN: revert caption rules (Matthew Fluet)
Version 1.08 SIGPLAN reformatting (Matthew Fluet); bug fixes

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@Misc{TeXFAQ,
title = {{UK} List of {\TeX} Frequently Asked Questions},
author = {{UK \TeX{} Users Group}},
year = 2019,
howpublished = {\url{https://texfaq.org}}
}
@Manual{Downes04:amsart,
title = {The \textsf{amsart}, \textsf{amsproc}, and
\textsf{amsbook} document~classes},
author = {Michael Downes and Barbara Beeton},
organization = {American Mathematical Society},
year = 2004,
month = aug,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/amslatex}}
}
@Manual{Fiorio15,
title = {{a}lgorithm2e.sty---package for algorithms},
author = {Cristophe Fiorio},
year = 2015,
month = oct,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/algorithm2e}}
}
@Manual{Brito09,
title = {The algorithms bundle},
author = {Rog\'erio Brito},
year = 2009,
month = aug,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/algorithms}}
}
@Manual{Heinz15,
title = {The Listings Package},
author = {Carsten Heinz and Brooks Moses and Jobst Hoffmann},
year = 2015,
month = jun,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/listings}}
}
@Manual{Fear05,
title = {Publication quality tables in {\LaTeX}},
author = {Simon Fear},
year = 2005,
month = apr,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/booktabs}}
}
@Manual{ACMIdentityStandards,
title = {{ACM} Visual Identity Standards},
organization = {Association for Computing Machinery},
year = 2007,
note = {\url{http://identitystandards.acm.org}}
}
@Manual{Sommerfeldt13:Subcaption,
title = {The subcaption package},
author = {Axel Sommerfeldt},
year = 2013,
month = apr,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/subcaption}}
}
@Manual{Nomencl,
title = {A package to create a nomenclature},
author = {Boris Veytsman and Bern Schandl and Lee Netherton
and C. V. Radhakrishnan},
year = 2005,
month = sep,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/nomencl}}
}
@Manual{Talbot16:Glossaries,
title = {User Manual for glossaries.sty v4.44},
author = {Nicola L. C. Talbot},
year = 2019,
month = dec,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/glossaries}}
}
@Manual{Carlisle04:Textcase,
title = {The \textsl{textcase} package},
author = {David Carlisle},
month = oct,
year = 2004,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/textcase}}
}
@Manual{Braams22:Babel,
title = {Babel},
author = {Johannes L. Braams and Javier Bezos},
year = 2022,
note = {\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel}}}

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%
% Doctrip file for acmart
% This file is in public domain
% $Id: acmart.ins,v 1.1 2015/11/23 22:42:55 boris Exp $
%
\def\batchfile{acmart.ins}
\input docstrip
\keepsilent
\showprogress
\askforoverwritefalse
\generate{%
\file{acmart.cls}{\from{acmart.dtx}{class}}
}
\obeyspaces
\Msg{*****************************************************}%
\Msg{* Congratulations! You successfully generated the *}%
\Msg{* acmart package. *}%
\Msg{* *}%
\Msg{* Please move the file acmart.cls to where LaTeX *}%
\Msg{* files are stored in your system. The manual is *}%
\Msg{* acmart.pdf. *}%
\Msg{* *}%
\Msg{* The package is released under LPPL *}%
\Msg{* *}%
\Msg{* Happy TeXing! *}%
\Msg{*****************************************************}%

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\ProvidesFile{acmauthoryear.bbx}[2022-02-14 v0.1 biblatex bibliography style]
% Inherit a default style
\RequireBibliographyStyle{authoryear-comp}
%%% New command definitions from trad-standard.bbx
\newcommand*{\newcommaunit}{\@ifstar\newcommaunitStar\newcommaunitNoStar}
\newcommand*{\newcommaunitStar}{\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}
\newcommand*{\newcommaunitNoStar}{\setunit{\addcomma\space}}
%%% Forward compatibility for date+extradate
\ifcsundef{ifbibmacroundef}{
\ifcsundef{abx@macro@date+extradate}{ %%% For really really old biblatex that miss \ifbibmacroundef
\blx@warning{bibmacro 'date+extradate' is missing.\MessageBreak
Please consider updating your version of biblatex.\MessageBreak
Using 'date+extrayear' instead}%
\providebibmacro*{date+extradate}{\usebibmacro{date+extrayear}}
}{}
}
{
\ifbibmacroundef{date+extradate}{
\blx@warning{bibmacro 'date+extradate' is missing.\MessageBreak
Please consider updating your version of biblatex.\MessageBreak
Using 'date+extrayear' instead}%
\providebibmacro*{date+extradate}{\usebibmacro{date+extrayear}}
}{}
}
%%% Localisation strings for ACM
\DefineBibliographyStrings{american}{%
mathesis = {Master's thesis},
phdthesis = {Ph\adddot{}D\adddotspace Dissertation},
editor = {(Ed\adddot)},
editors = {(Eds\adddot)},
edition = {ed\adddot},
}
%%% Formatting for fields
%\DeclareFieldFormat
% [article,inbook,incollection,inproceedings,patent,thesis,unpublished]
% {title}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{numpages}{#1 pages}
\DeclareFieldFormat{number}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{articleno}{Article #1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{key}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{lastaccessed}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{%
\printtext[parens]{\ifinteger{#1}
{\mkbibordedition{#1}~\bibstring{edition}}
{#1\isdot~\bibstring{edition}}}}
% Handle urls field containing 'and' separated list of URLs
% https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/229
\DeclareListFormat{urls}{%
\url{#1}%
\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}
{\addcomma\space}
{}}
\renewbibmacro*{url}{\iffieldundef{url}{\printlist{urls}}{\printfield{url}}}
%%% Bibmacro definitions
\renewbibmacro*{translator+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifusetranslator
and
not test {\ifnameundef{translator}}
}
{\printnames{translator}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{translator+othersstrg}%
\clearname{translator}}
{\printfield{key}}}
\newbibmacro*{year}{%
\iffieldundef{year}%
{\printtext{[n.\ d.]}}%
{\printfield{year}}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{date}{\printtext[parens]{\printdate}}
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{\iffieldundef{urlyear}
{\iffieldundef{lastaccessed}
{}
{\printfield{lastaccessed}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
}
{\usebibmacro{urldate}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{url}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{journal}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{volume+number+date+pages+eid}%
\newcommaunit%
% \setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue-issue}%
\setunit*{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{volume+number+date+pages+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newcommaunit%
\printfield{eid}}%
\renewbibmacro*{chapter+pages}{%
\printfield{chapter}%
\setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{editor+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifuseeditor
and
not test {\ifnameundef{editor}}
}
{\printnames{editor}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{editor+othersstrg}%
\clearname{editor}}
{\iflistundef{organization}{}{\printlist{organization}}}
\usebibmacro{date+extradate}
}
\newbibmacro*{issue-issue}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}%
{}%
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}{%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{}
{\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{volume}
{}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}}}%
\usebibmacro{booktitle}%
\setunit*{\addspace}
\printfield[parens]{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\newunit
}
\renewbibmacro*{booktitle}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test {\iffieldundef{booktitle}}
and
test {\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}}
}
{}
{\printtext[booktitle]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{booktitle}%
\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}{}{
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{booksubtitle}}%
}%
}%
\printfield{booktitleaddon}}
\renewbibmacro*{volume+number+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}}
\renewbibmacro*{publisher+location+date}{%
\printlist{publisher}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro{date-ifmonth}{%
\iffieldundef{month}{}{%
\usebibmacro{date}
}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{institution+location+date}{%
\printlist{school}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{institution}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{periodical}{%
\iffieldundef{title}
{}
{\printtext[title]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{title}%
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{subtitle}}}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{journal}}
\renewbibmacro*{issue+date}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}
{\usebibmacro{date}}
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{date}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{title+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{periodical}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}%
\setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue+date}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{doi+eprint+url}{%
\iftoggle{bbx:url}
{\iffieldundef{doi}{
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}
}{\iffieldundef{distinctURL}
{}
{\usebibmacro{url+urldate}}
}
}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:doi}
{\printfield{doi}}
{}}
%%% Definitions for drivers (alphabetical)
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock%
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{bytranslator+others}%
\newunit\newblock%
\printfield{version}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{journal+issuetitle}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit%
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock%
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{related}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inbook}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\iffieldundef{author}%
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
{\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
% \usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{author}{}%if undef then we already printed editor
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inproceedings}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{event+venue+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{manual}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{misc}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{howpublished}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{organization+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[patent]{number}{Patent No.~#1}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{patent}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\iflistundef{location}
{}
{\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printtext[parens]{%
\printlist[][-\value{listtotal}]{location}}}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byholder}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{periodical}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{editor}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title+issuetitle}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{issn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{report}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{institution+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isrn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{thesis}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{institution+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
%
% Include support for software entries
%
\blx@inputonce{software.bbx}{biblatex style for software}{}{}{}{}
%
% Handle ACM specific ArtifactSoftware entry exactly as the software entry (a soft alias will not work)
%
\DeclareStyleSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[typesource=artifactsoftware,typetarget=software]
\step[typesource=artifactdataset,typetarget=dataset]
}
}
}
%%% Compatibility with ACM bibtex formatting
%
% Show given name first in the reference list
%
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{given-family}
%
% Produce a bibliography with small font size
%
\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\bibliofont\footnotesize}
%
% Remove parentheses from date+extradate
%
\RequirePackage{xpatch}
\xpatchbibmacro{date+extradate}{%
\printtext[parens]%
}{%
\newblock\setunit*{.\space}%
\printtext%
}{}{}
%%% Set option values for ACM style
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{
dashed=false, % Do not use dashes for bibliography items with the same set of authors
labeldate=year,
abbreviate=true,
dateabbrev=true,
isbn=true,
doi=true,
urldate=comp,
url=true,
maxbibnames=9,
maxcitenames=2,
backref=false,
sorting=nty,
halid=true,
swhid=true,
swlabels=true,
vcs=true,
license=false,
language=american
}

219
docs/EuroSys/acmauthoryear.cbx Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
\ProvidesFile{acmauthoryear.cbx}[2022-02-14 v0.1]
\RequireCitationStyle{authoryear-comp}
\RequirePackage{xpatch}
%
% Hyperlink citations like acmart natbib implementation
%
% From https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/27615/133551
% Combine label and labelyear links
\xpatchbibmacro{cite}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\DeclareFieldAlias{bibhyperref}{default}%
\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}}
{}
{\PackageWarning{biblatex-patch}
{Failed to patch cite bibmacro}}
% Include labelname in labelyear link
\xpatchbibmacro{cite}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\DeclareFieldAlias{bibhyperref}{default}%
\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}}
{}
{\PackageWarning{biblatex-patch}
{Failed to patch cite bibmacro}}
\renewbibmacro*{textcite}{%
\iffieldequals{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\ifthenelse{\iffieldequals{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}\AND
\(\value{multicitecount}=0\OR\iffieldundef{postnote}\)}
{\setunit{\addcomma}%
\usebibmacro{cite:extradate}}
{\setunit{\compcitedelim}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}%
\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}}
{\setunit{\compcitedelim}%
\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}}
{\ifnameundef{labelname}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}\bibopenbracket}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nameyeardelim}\bibopenbracket}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\iffieldundef{labelyear}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}%
\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}}%
\stepcounter{textcitecount}%
\savefield{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}}%
\setunit{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\bibclosebracket\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}%
\textcitedelim}}
\xpatchbibmacro{textcite}
{\printnames{labelname}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{\printnames{labelname}}}
{}
{\PackageWarning{biblatex-patch}
{Failed to patch textcite bibmacro}}
\renewbibmacro*{textcite:postnote}{%
\usebibmacro{postnote}%
\ifthenelse{\value{multicitecount}=\value{multicitetotal}}
{\setunit{}%
\printtext{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\bibclosebracket\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}}}
{\setunit{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\bibclosebracket\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}%
\textcitedelim}}}
% NEW
\newbibmacro*{citeauthor}{%
\ifnameundef{labelname}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\usebibmacro{cite:label}}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}\bibopenbracket}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\printtext[bibhyperref]{\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}}
\printtext[bibhyperref]{\printnames{labelname}}}
%
% Put brackets around citations
%
\DeclareCiteCommand{\cite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand*{\cite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\parencite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand*{\parencite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\parencites}[\mkbibbrackets]{\parencite}
{\setunit{\multicitedelim}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcite}[\mkbibfootnote]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcitetext}[\mkbibfootnotetext]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\smartcite}[\iffootnote\mkbibbrackets\mkbibfootnote]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\smartcites}[\iffootnote\mkbibbrackets\mkbibfootnote]
{\smartcite}{\setunit{\multicitedelim}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeauthor}
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeauthor}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeyear}
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeyearpar}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
%
% Provide aliases for natbib-compatible commands
%
\newcommand*{\citep}{\parencite}
\newcommand*{\citet}{\textcite}
% add others here
\endinput

33
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% Teach biblatex about numpages field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{numpages}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{numpages}
% Teach biblatex about articleno field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{articleno}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{articleno}
% Teach biblatex about urls field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list, datatype=uri]{urls}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{urls}
% Teach biblatex about school field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list, datatype=literal]{school}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[thesis]{school}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{key}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{key}
% Teach biblatex about lastaccessed field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=literal]{lastaccessed}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{lastaccessed}
% Teach biblatex about distincturl field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{distinctURL}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{distinctURL}
%
% include software data model from biblatex-software
%
\blx@inputonce{software.dbx}{biblatex data model extension for software}{}{}{}{}

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885
docs/EuroSys/acmnumeric.bbx Normal file
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\ProvidesFile{acmnumeric.bbx}[2017-09-27 v0.1 biblatex bibliography style]
% Inherit a default style
\RequireBibliographyStyle{trad-plain}
%%% Localisation strings for ACM
\DefineBibliographyStrings{american}{%
mathesis = {Master's thesis},
phdthesis = {Ph\adddot{}D\adddotspace Dissertation},
editor = {(Ed\adddot)},
editors = {(Eds\adddot)},
edition = {ed\adddot},
}
%%% Formatting for fields
%\DeclareFieldFormat
% [article,inbook,incollection,inproceedings,patent,thesis,unpublished]
% {title}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{numpages}{#1 pages}
\DeclareFieldFormat{number}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{articleno}{Article #1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{key}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{lastaccessed}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{%
\printtext[parens]{\ifinteger{#1}
{\mkbibordedition{#1}~\bibstring{edition}}
{#1\isdot~\bibstring{edition}}}}
% Handle urls field containing 'and' separated list of URLs
% https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/229
\DeclareListFormat{urls}{%
\url{#1}%
\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}
{\addcomma\space}
{}}
\renewbibmacro*{url}{\iffieldundef{url}{\printlist{urls}}{\printfield{url}}}
%%% Bibmacro definitions
\renewbibmacro*{translator+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifusetranslator
and
not test {\ifnameundef{translator}}
}
{\printnames{translator}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{translator+othersstrg}%
\clearname{translator}}
{\printfield{key}}}
\newbibmacro*{year}{%
\iffieldundef{year}%
{\printtext{[n.\ d.]}}%
{\printfield{year}}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{date}{\printtext[parens]{\printdate}}
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{\iffieldundef{urlyear}
{\iffieldundef{lastaccessed}
{}
{\printfield{lastaccessed}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
}
{\usebibmacro{urldate}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{url}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{journal}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{volume+number+date+pages+eid}%
\newcommaunit%
% \setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue-issue}%
\setunit*{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{volume+number+date+pages+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newcommaunit%
\printfield{eid}}%
\renewbibmacro*{chapter+pages}{%
\printfield{chapter}%
\setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{editor+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifuseeditor
and
not test {\ifnameundef{editor}}
}
{\printnames{editor}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{editor+othersstrg}%
\clearname{editor}}
{\iflistundef{organization}{}{\printlist{organization}}}}
\newbibmacro*{issue-issue}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}%
{}%
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}{%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{}
{\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{volume}
{}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}}}%
\usebibmacro{booktitle}%
\setunit*{\addspace}
\printfield[parens]{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\newunit
}
\renewbibmacro*{booktitle}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test {\iffieldundef{booktitle}}
and
test {\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}}
}
{}
{\printtext[booktitle]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{booktitle}%
\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}{}{
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{booksubtitle}}%
}%
}%
\printfield{booktitleaddon}}
\renewbibmacro*{volume+number+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}}
\renewbibmacro*{publisher+location+date}{%
\printlist{publisher}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro{date-ifmonth}{%
\iffieldundef{month}{}{%
\usebibmacro{date}
}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{institution+location+date}{%
\printlist{school}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{institution}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{periodical}{%
\iffieldundef{title}
{}
{\printtext[title]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{title}%
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{subtitle}}}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{journal}}
\renewbibmacro*{issue+date}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}
{\usebibmacro{date}}
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{date}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{title+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{periodical}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}%
\setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue+date}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{doi+eprint+url}{%
\iftoggle{bbx:url}
{\iffieldundef{doi}{
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}
}{\iffieldundef{distinctURL}
{}
{\usebibmacro{url+urldate}}
}
}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:doi}
{\printfield{doi}}
{}}
%%% Definitions for drivers (alphabetical)
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock%
\usebibmacro{year}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{bytranslator+others}%
\newunit\newblock%
\printfield{version}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{journal+issuetitle}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit%
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock%
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{related}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inbook}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\iffieldundef{author}%
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
{\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
% \usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{author}{}%if undef then we already printed editor
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inproceedings}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{event+venue+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{manual}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{misc}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{howpublished}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{organization+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[patent]{number}{Patent No.~#1}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{patent}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\iflistundef{location}
{}
{\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printtext[parens]{%
\printlist[][-\value{listtotal}]{location}}}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byholder}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{periodical}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{editor}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title+issuetitle}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{issn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{report}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{institution+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isrn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{thesis}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{institution+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
%
% Include support for software entries
%
\blx@inputonce{software.bbx}{biblatex style for software}{}{}{}{}
%
% Handle ACM specific ArtifactSoftware entry exactly as the software entry (a soft alias will not work)
%
\DeclareStyleSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[typesource=artifactsoftware,typetarget=software]
\step[typesource=artifactdataset,typetarget=dataset]
}
}
}
%
% Show given name first in the reference list
%
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{given-family}
%
% Produce a bibliography with small font size
%
\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\bibliofont\footnotesize}
%%% Set option values for ACM style
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{
labeldate=year,
abbreviate=true,
dateabbrev=true,
isbn=true,
doi=true,
urldate=comp,
url=true,
maxbibnames=9,
maxcitenames=2,
backref=false,
sorting=nty,
halid=true,
swhid=true,
swlabels=true,
vcs=true,
license=false,
language=american
}

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\ProvidesFile{acmnumeric.cbx}[2017-09-27 v0.1]
\RequireCitationStyle{numeric}
\endinput

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@STRING{jan = "Jan."}
@STRING{feb = "Feb."}
@STRING{mar = "March"}
@STRING{apr = "April"}
@STRING{may = "May"}
@STRING{jun = "June"}
@STRING{jul = "July"}
@STRING{aug = "Aug."}
@STRING{sep = "Sept."}
@STRING{oct = "Oct."}
@STRING{nov = "Nov."}
@STRING{dec = "Dec."}
@STRING{cie = "ACM Computers in Entertainment"}
@STRING{csur = "ACM Computing Surveys"}
@STRING{dgov = "Digital Government: Research and Practice"}
@STRING{dtrap = "Digital Threats: Research and Practice"}
@STRING{health = "ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare"}
@STRING{imwut = "PACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"}
@STRING{jacm = "Journal of the ACM"}
@STRING{jdiq = "ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality"}
@STRING{jea = "ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics"}
@STRING{jeric = "ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing"}
@STRING{jetc = "ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems"}
@STRING{jocch = "ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage"}
@STRING{pacmcgit = "Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques"}
@STRING{pacmhci = "PACM on Human-Computer Interaction"}
@STRING{pacmpl = "PACM on Programming Languages"}
@STRING{pomacs = "PACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems"}
@STRING{taas = "ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems"}
@STRING{taccess = "ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing"}
@STRING{taco = "ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization"}
@STRING{talg = "ACM Transactions on Algorithms"}
@STRING{tallip = "ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing"}
@STRING{tap = "ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"}
@STRING{tcps = "ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems"}
@STRING{tds = "ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science"}
@STRING{teac = "ACM Transactions on Economics and Computation"}
@STRING{tecs = "ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems"}
@STRING{telo = "ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning"}
@STRING{thri = "ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction"}
@STRING{tiis = "ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems"}
@STRING{tiot = "ACM Transactions on Internet of Things"}
@STRING{tissec = "ACM Transactions on Information and System Security"}
@STRING{tist = "ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology"}
@STRING{tkdd = "ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data"}
@STRING{tmis = "ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems"}
@STRING{toce = "ACM Transactions on Computing Education"}
@STRING{tochi = "ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction"}
@STRING{tocl = "ACM Transactions on Computational Logic"}
@STRING{tocs = "ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
@STRING{toct = "ACM Transactions on Computation Theory"}
@STRING{todaes = "ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems"}
@STRING{tods = "ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
@STRING{tog = "ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
@STRING{tois = "ACM Transactions on Information Systems"}
@STRING{toit = "ACM Transactions on Internet Technology"}
@STRING{tomacs = "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation"}
@STRING{tomm = "ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications"}
@STRING{tompecs = "ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems"}
@STRING{toms = "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
@STRING{topc = "ACM Transactions on Parallel Computing"}
@STRING{toplas = "ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
@STRING{tops = "ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security"}
@STRING{tos = "ACM Transactions on Storage"}
@STRING{tosem = "ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"}
@STRING{tosn = "ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"}
@STRING{tqc = "ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing"}
@STRING{trets = "ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems"}
@STRING{tsas = "ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems"}
@STRING{tsc = "ACM Transactions on Social Computing"}
@STRING{tslp = "ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing"}
@STRING{tweb = "ACM Transactions on the Web"}
@STRING{acmcs = "ACM Computing Surveys"}
@STRING{acta = "Acta Informatica"}
@STRING{cacm = "Communications of the ACM"}
@STRING{ibmjrd = "IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
@STRING{ibmsj = "IBM Systems Journal"}
@STRING{ieeese = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
@STRING{ieeetc = "IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
@STRING{ieeetcad = "IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
@STRING{ipl = "Information Processing Letters"}
@STRING{jcss = "Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
@STRING{scp = "Science of Computer Programming"}
@STRING{sicomp = "SIAM Journal on Computing"}
@STRING{toois = "ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
@STRING{tcs = "Theoretical Computer Science"}

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\ProvidesFile{acmauthoryear.bbx}[2022-02-14 v0.1 biblatex bibliography style]
% Inherit a default style
\RequireBibliographyStyle{authoryear-comp}
%%% New command definitions from trad-standard.bbx
\newcommand*{\newcommaunit}{\@ifstar\newcommaunitStar\newcommaunitNoStar}
\newcommand*{\newcommaunitStar}{\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}
\newcommand*{\newcommaunitNoStar}{\setunit{\addcomma\space}}
%%% Forward compatibility for date+extradate
\ifcsundef{ifbibmacroundef}{
\ifcsundef{abx@macro@date+extradate}{ %%% For really really old biblatex that miss \ifbibmacroundef
\blx@warning{bibmacro 'date+extradate' is missing.\MessageBreak
Please consider updating your version of biblatex.\MessageBreak
Using 'date+extrayear' instead}%
\providebibmacro*{date+extradate}{\usebibmacro{date+extrayear}}
}{}
}
{
\ifbibmacroundef{date+extradate}{
\blx@warning{bibmacro 'date+extradate' is missing.\MessageBreak
Please consider updating your version of biblatex.\MessageBreak
Using 'date+extrayear' instead}%
\providebibmacro*{date+extradate}{\usebibmacro{date+extrayear}}
}{}
}
%%% Localisation strings for ACM
\DefineBibliographyStrings{american}{%
mathesis = {Master's thesis},
phdthesis = {Ph\adddot{}D\adddotspace Dissertation},
editor = {(Ed\adddot)},
editors = {(Eds\adddot)},
edition = {ed\adddot},
}
%%% Formatting for fields
%\DeclareFieldFormat
% [article,inbook,incollection,inproceedings,patent,thesis,unpublished]
% {title}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{numpages}{#1 pages}
\DeclareFieldFormat{number}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{articleno}{Article #1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{key}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{lastaccessed}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{%
\printtext[parens]{\ifinteger{#1}
{\mkbibordedition{#1}~\bibstring{edition}}
{#1\isdot~\bibstring{edition}}}}
% Handle urls field containing 'and' separated list of URLs
% https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/229
\DeclareListFormat{urls}{%
\url{#1}%
\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}
{\addcomma\space}
{}}
\renewbibmacro*{url}{\iffieldundef{url}{\printlist{urls}}{\printfield{url}}}
%%% Bibmacro definitions
\renewbibmacro*{translator+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifusetranslator
and
not test {\ifnameundef{translator}}
}
{\printnames{translator}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{translator+othersstrg}%
\clearname{translator}}
{\printfield{key}}}
\newbibmacro*{year}{%
\iffieldundef{year}%
{\printtext{[n.\ d.]}}%
{\printfield{year}}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{date}{\printtext[parens]{\printdate}}
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{\iffieldundef{urlyear}
{\iffieldundef{lastaccessed}
{}
{\printfield{lastaccessed}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
}
{\usebibmacro{urldate}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{url}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{journal}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{volume+number+date+pages+eid}%
\newcommaunit%
% \setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue-issue}%
\setunit*{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{volume+number+date+pages+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newcommaunit%
\printfield{eid}}%
\renewbibmacro*{chapter+pages}{%
\printfield{chapter}%
\setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{editor+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifuseeditor
and
not test {\ifnameundef{editor}}
}
{\printnames{editor}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{editor+othersstrg}%
\clearname{editor}}
{\iflistundef{organization}{}{\printlist{organization}}}
\usebibmacro{date+extradate}
}
\newbibmacro*{issue-issue}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}%
{}%
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}{%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{}
{\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{volume}
{}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}}}%
\usebibmacro{booktitle}%
\setunit*{\addspace}
\printfield[parens]{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\newunit
}
\renewbibmacro*{booktitle}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test {\iffieldundef{booktitle}}
and
test {\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}}
}
{}
{\printtext[booktitle]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{booktitle}%
\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}{}{
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{booksubtitle}}%
}%
}%
\printfield{booktitleaddon}}
\renewbibmacro*{volume+number+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}}
\renewbibmacro*{publisher+location+date}{%
\printlist{publisher}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro{date-ifmonth}{%
\iffieldundef{month}{}{%
\usebibmacro{date}
}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{institution+location+date}{%
\printlist{school}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{institution}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{periodical}{%
\iffieldundef{title}
{}
{\printtext[title]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{title}%
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{subtitle}}}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{journal}}
\renewbibmacro*{issue+date}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}
{\usebibmacro{date}}
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{date}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{title+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{periodical}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}%
\setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue+date}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{doi+eprint+url}{%
\iftoggle{bbx:url}
{\iffieldundef{doi}{
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}
}{\iffieldundef{distinctURL}
{}
{\usebibmacro{url+urldate}}
}
}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:doi}
{\printfield{doi}}
{}}
%%% Definitions for drivers (alphabetical)
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock%
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{bytranslator+others}%
\newunit\newblock%
\printfield{version}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{journal+issuetitle}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit%
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock%
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{related}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inbook}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\iffieldundef{author}%
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
{\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
% \usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{author}{}%if undef then we already printed editor
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inproceedings}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{event+venue+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{manual}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{misc}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{howpublished}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{organization+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[patent]{number}{Patent No.~#1}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{patent}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
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\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\iflistundef{location}
{}
{\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printtext[parens]{%
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\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byholder}%
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\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
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\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{periodical}{%
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\usebibmacro{editor}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title+issuetitle}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{issn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
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\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{report}{%
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\setunit*{\addspace}%
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\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
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\usebibmacro{institution+location+date}%
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\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
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\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
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\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
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\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{thesis}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
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\printfield{type}%
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\printfield{pagetotal}%
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\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
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\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
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\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
%
% Include support for software entries
%
\blx@inputonce{software.bbx}{biblatex style for software}{}{}{}{}
%
% Handle ACM specific ArtifactSoftware entry exactly as the software entry (a soft alias will not work)
%
\DeclareStyleSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[typesource=artifactsoftware,typetarget=software]
\step[typesource=artifactdataset,typetarget=dataset]
}
}
}
%%% Compatibility with ACM bibtex formatting
%
% Show given name first in the reference list
%
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{given-family}
%
% Produce a bibliography with small font size
%
\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\bibliofont\footnotesize}
%
% Remove parentheses from date+extradate
%
\RequirePackage{xpatch}
\xpatchbibmacro{date+extradate}{%
\printtext[parens]%
}{%
\newblock\setunit*{.\space}%
\printtext%
}{}{}
%%% Set option values for ACM style
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{
dashed=false, % Do not use dashes for bibliography items with the same set of authors
labeldate=year,
abbreviate=true,
dateabbrev=true,
isbn=true,
doi=true,
urldate=comp,
url=true,
maxbibnames=9,
maxcitenames=2,
backref=false,
sorting=nty,
halid=true,
swhid=true,
swlabels=true,
vcs=true,
license=false,
language=american
}

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\ProvidesFile{acmauthoryear.cbx}[2022-02-14 v0.1]
\RequireCitationStyle{authoryear-comp}
\RequirePackage{xpatch}
%
% Hyperlink citations like acmart natbib implementation
%
% From https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/27615/133551
% Combine label and labelyear links
\xpatchbibmacro{cite}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\DeclareFieldAlias{bibhyperref}{default}%
\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}}
{}
{\PackageWarning{biblatex-patch}
{Failed to patch cite bibmacro}}
% Include labelname in labelyear link
\xpatchbibmacro{cite}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\DeclareFieldAlias{bibhyperref}{default}%
\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}}
{}
{\PackageWarning{biblatex-patch}
{Failed to patch cite bibmacro}}
\renewbibmacro*{textcite}{%
\iffieldequals{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\ifthenelse{\iffieldequals{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}\AND
\(\value{multicitecount}=0\OR\iffieldundef{postnote}\)}
{\setunit{\addcomma}%
\usebibmacro{cite:extradate}}
{\setunit{\compcitedelim}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}%
\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}}
{\setunit{\compcitedelim}%
\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}}
{\ifnameundef{labelname}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}\bibopenbracket}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nameyeardelim}\bibopenbracket}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\iffieldundef{labelyear}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}%
\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}}%
\stepcounter{textcitecount}%
\savefield{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}}%
\setunit{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\bibclosebracket\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}%
\textcitedelim}}
\xpatchbibmacro{textcite}
{\printnames{labelname}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{\printnames{labelname}}}
{}
{\PackageWarning{biblatex-patch}
{Failed to patch textcite bibmacro}}
\renewbibmacro*{textcite:postnote}{%
\usebibmacro{postnote}%
\ifthenelse{\value{multicitecount}=\value{multicitetotal}}
{\setunit{}%
\printtext{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\bibclosebracket\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}}}
{\setunit{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\bibclosebracket\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}%
\textcitedelim}}}
% NEW
\newbibmacro*{citeauthor}{%
\ifnameundef{labelname}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\usebibmacro{cite:label}}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}\bibopenbracket}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\printtext[bibhyperref]{\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}}
{\printtext[bibhyperref]{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}}
\printtext[bibhyperref]{\printnames{labelname}}}
%
% Put brackets around citations
%
\DeclareCiteCommand{\cite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand*{\cite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\parencite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand*{\parencite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\parencites}[\mkbibbrackets]{\parencite}
{\setunit{\multicitedelim}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcite}[\mkbibfootnote]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcitetext}[\mkbibfootnotetext]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\smartcite}[\iffootnote\mkbibbrackets\mkbibfootnote]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\smartcites}[\iffootnote\mkbibbrackets\mkbibfootnote]
{\smartcite}{\setunit{\multicitedelim}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeauthor}
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeauthor}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeyear}
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeyearpar}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
%
% Provide aliases for natbib-compatible commands
%
\newcommand*{\citep}{\parencite}
\newcommand*{\citet}{\textcite}
% add others here
\endinput

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% Teach biblatex about numpages field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{numpages}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{numpages}
% Teach biblatex about articleno field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{articleno}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{articleno}
% Teach biblatex about urls field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list, datatype=uri]{urls}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{urls}
% Teach biblatex about school field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list, datatype=literal]{school}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[thesis]{school}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{key}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{key}
% Teach biblatex about lastaccessed field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=literal]{lastaccessed}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{lastaccessed}
% Teach biblatex about distincturl field
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{distinctURL}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{distinctURL}
%
% include software data model from biblatex-software
%
\blx@inputonce{software.dbx}{biblatex data model extension for software}{}{}{}{}

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%
% ACM Engage course material
%
%<*acmengage>
%%
%%
%% Commands for TeXCount
%<<TCMACROS
%TC:macro \cite [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citep [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
%TC:envir table 0 1
%TC:envir table* 0 1
%TC:envir tabular [ignore] word
%TC:envir displaymath 0 word
%TC:envir math 0 word
%TC:envir comment 0 0
%TCMACROS
%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass command.
\documentclass[acmengage]{acmart}
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form. Note that by default course materials
%% use Creative Commons license
%
\setcopyright{cc}
\setcctype{by}
\copyrightyear{2022}
\acmYear{May 2022}
\acmBooktitle{ACM EngageCSEdu}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
\begin{document}
\title{EngageCSEdu Submission Title (600 char limit)}
\author{Author One}
\email{author1@institution.edu}
\affiliation{%
\institution{University of XXX}
\city{SomeCity}
\country{SomeCountry}}
\author{Author Two}
\email{author2@institution.xxx}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Some School}
\city{SomeCity}
\country{SomeCountry}}
\author{Author Three}
\email{author3@school.xxx}
\affiliation{%
\institution{A3 affiliation}
\city{SomeCity}
\country{SomeCountry}}
%% The synopsis is a name for the abstract
\begin{abstract}
A required section. The synopsis is similar to a paper abstract. The synop-
sis will display in the digital library as the abstract. The synopsis should
be copied into ScholarOne as the abstract for submission. The synopsis
should contain an overall description of the Open Educational Resource
(OER). The synopsis lets other instructors quickly understand what this
material is about. Include any learning objectives and a description of the
approach taken. Put details about implementation and necessary prerequi-
site knowledge in the Recommendations section. The following template is
a suggested format:
This [assignment/project/homework/lab] helps students gain experience
and proficiency with [ e.g. arrays, for/while loops, conditional statements.]
Students will learn how to [skills acquired].
The reader should get an understanding of what topic is associated with
the OER and what, if anything, the students will be asked to do.
\end{abstract}
%% Metadata for the course
\setengagemetadata{Course}{CS1}
\setengagemetadata{Programming Language}{Python}
\setengagemetadata{Knowledge Unit}{Programming Concepts}
\setengagemetadata{CS Topics}{Functions, Data Types, Expressions,
Mathematical Reasoning}
%% Keywords
\keywords{Arithmetic Operators, Assignment Statements, Comprehension,
Student Voice}
\maketitle
\section{Engagement Highlights}
A required section. This section of the paper should detail how the OER engages the students. The engagement must be based on at least one evidenced-based teaching practice known to broaden participation or improve student learning. Examples include the practices from the NCWIT Engagement Practices Framework: using meaningful and relevant content, making interdisciplinary connections to CS, addressing misconceptions about the field of CS, incorporating student choice, giving effective encouragement, mitigating stereotype threat, offering student-centered assessments, providing opportunities for interaction with faculty, avoiding stereotypes, using well-structured collaborative learning, or encouraging student interaction. Other potential evidence-based practices include using culturally relevant pedagogy, or universal design for learning. All submissions must identify what evidence-based practice they incorporate and be specific in how the practice is included within the OER.
Information on how to differentiate this assignment (i.e. provide different versions for students of differing abilities) could also go in this section. It could also outline how instructors might modify
the assignment to increase enhance student engagement. If these modifications are extensive, they could also be discussed in their own section.
\section{Recommendations}
A required section. In this section authors should give specific recommendations and advice to other instructors who might want to adapt this resource for their own classroom. Important information to include in this section includes identifying how much time is required to introduce or complete the task, potential pitfalls or student struggles, lessons learned from using the OER, and any information on extensions or differentiation for students. Think of this section as the information you would provide a colleague before they use this OER in their classroom.
\section{Additional Sections}
Optional. Authors may add additional sections to fully explain all the pieces of their OER. It can (and probably should) have multiple sections and the section headers are at the discretion of the authors. Sections may expand on information presented in the synopsis, recommendations, and engagement highlights. Suggested sections include: Introduction, Background Material, Implementation Guidelines, Marking Guidelines, Extensions and Modifications, Pitfalls, Acknowledgements, Student Feedback, and References.
\section{Related Online Resources}
EngageCSEdu requires that all materials that are part of the OER submission be included with the submission and not just URL links to materials stored on other sites. However, any related background or reference material used to provide instructor or student knowledge as opposed to instructional material may be included as citations within the paper
(see section \ref{sec:citations})
or you may include a numbered list of external links and extensions in an optional section titled ``Auxilary Materials" that should come immediately before "References".
\section{Materials}
A required section. You must provide a list of the contents of the zipped file including a description of each contained file. This may be provided as text or as an unordered list.
A single zipped file containing all the OER instructional materials including assignment handouts / specification, starter code, rubric, solution, etc. will also be submitted.
\section{Meta-Data}
This section is included in the template to explain the choices for the meta-data at the top of the paper. It should not be included in the final paper submission.
\subsection{Course}
Current courses are:
\begin{itemize}
\item CS0---a breadth first introductory computing course similar to Exploring Computer Science or AP CS Principles
\item CS1---an introductory programming course covering topics normally associated with an imperative or functional programming course. Similar to an AP CS A course
\item Data Structures---a follow-on course occurring after CS1 that introduces linear and non-linear data structures including implementation and usage
\item Discrete Math---a course covering discrete mathematical
structures such as integers, graphs and logic statements. This
may include logic, set theory, combinatorics, graphy theory,
number theory, topology, etc.
\item HCI---a course in the general area of human computer
interaction. This might be a general HCI course or a course in a
specific subdiscipline such as user-centred design.
\end{itemize}
More than one course may be selected. If you are submitting an OER for a special topics issue of Engage, please discuss the appropriate course choice with the guest editors of the special issue.
\subsection{Programming Language}
Authors may select all that apply from the following list:
\begin{itemize}
\item C
\item C++
\item C\#
\item Java
\item JavaScript
\item Processing
\item Python
\item Racket (DrScheme)
\item Scheme
\item Scratch
\item Pseudocode
\item Other
\item None
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Resource Type}
One resource type must be selected. Current list to select from includes:
\begin{itemize}
\item Assignment---the most common OER type. Typically represents a task assigned to individual or groups of students that will be completed outside of class time.
\item Lecture slides---an annotated set of presentation slides to introduce or explain a topic, typically a cutting-edge research topic, to a more lay audience. An example might be explaining a specific cryptography algorithm, blockchain, or an AI / ML solution to a problem.
\item Lab---this represents a task assigned to an individual or group of students to be completed under supervision, usually during a closed-lab model
\item Project---an assignment that is of a longer duration, perhaps multiple weeks to an entire term
\item Tutorial---a task usually completed by an individual to learn some material on their own
\item Other---any other type of OER that does not fit into one of the above categories
\end{itemize}
\subsection{CS Concepts}
This is selectable from the ontology of topics found at \url{https://www.engage-csedu.org/ontology}. Up to three topics may be selected. Eventually this page will be a tool allowing you to select up to three nodes in the tree and then copy / paste the descriptive text into your document and the submission system.
\subsection{Knowledge Unit}
Authors will select the most appropriate one from the following list:
\begin{itemize}
\item Programming Concepts---anything involving programming
\item Data Structures---anything involving data structures
\item Software Development Methods---if the OER centers around software development (i.e., requirements gathering, testing, maintenance, code reviews) rather than the actual programming content
\item Discrete Math---anything involving discrete math
\item N/A---not applicable
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Creative Commons License}
During the submission process on ScholarOne, authors will select one create commons license from the following list:
\begin{itemize}
\item CC BY-SA
\item CC BY-NC
\item CC BY-NC-ND
\item CC BY-NC-SA
\item CC BY-ND
\item CC BY
\end{itemize}
The correct typesetting of materials under creative commons license
requires the corresponding CC icon. A modern \TeX\ distribution
includes these icons in the package \textsl{doclicense}
\cite{doclicense}. In case your distribution does not have them, ACM
provides a file \path{ccicons.zip} with these icons. Just unzip it in
the same directory where your document is.
More information on Creative Common Licensing may be found at \url{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/}.
\section{Submission}
When you make a submission using ScholarOne you must upload:
\begin{itemize}
\item an anonymized version of this paper for review
\item a zipped file containing all the student-facing materials. The materials in this file must also be anonymized for the purposes of fully anonymous review.
\end{itemize}
\section{Citations and References}
\label{sec:citations}
We recommend using \BibTeX\ to prepare your references. The bibliography is included
in your source document with these two commands, placed just before
the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{bibfile}
\end{verbatim}
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
suffix, of the \BibTeX\ file.
Here are a few examples of the types of things you might cite in an EngageCSEdu submission:
a book \cite{Kosiur01},
a journal article \cite{Abril07},
an informally published work \cite{Harel78},
an online document / world wide web resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07},
a video \cite{Obama08},
a software package \cite{R}, and an online dataset \cite{UMassCitations}.
For other examples, see the file sample-acmsmall-conf.tex \cite{CTANacmart}.
\section{Auxiliary Materials}
This section is optional, but if included must immediately precede the References section. If there are no References, Auxiliary Materials should be last. This should be
a numbered list of URLs with an optional brief description of the content found at each URL. Here is an example.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \url{https://somenews.org/xxx/} A news article relevant to this OER.
\item \url{https://somesite.gov/xxx/} A relevant government report.
\item \url{https://someplace.edu/xxxx/} A public data set of interest.
\item \url{https://github.com/xxxx/} A public github project that is related.
\end{enumerate}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{sample-base}
\end{document}
%</acmengage>

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\ProvidesFile{acmnumeric.bbx}[2017-09-27 v0.1 biblatex bibliography style]
% Inherit a default style
\RequireBibliographyStyle{trad-plain}
%%% Localisation strings for ACM
\DefineBibliographyStrings{american}{%
mathesis = {Master's thesis},
phdthesis = {Ph\adddot{}D\adddotspace Dissertation},
editor = {(Ed\adddot)},
editors = {(Eds\adddot)},
edition = {ed\adddot},
}
%%% Formatting for fields
%\DeclareFieldFormat
% [article,inbook,incollection,inproceedings,patent,thesis,unpublished]
% {title}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{numpages}{#1 pages}
\DeclareFieldFormat{number}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{articleno}{Article #1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{key}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{lastaccessed}{Retrieved\space{}#1\space{}from}
\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{%
\printtext[parens]{\ifinteger{#1}
{\mkbibordedition{#1}~\bibstring{edition}}
{#1\isdot~\bibstring{edition}}}}
% Handle urls field containing 'and' separated list of URLs
% https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/229
\DeclareListFormat{urls}{%
\url{#1}%
\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}
{\addcomma\space}
{}}
\renewbibmacro*{url}{\iffieldundef{url}{\printlist{urls}}{\printfield{url}}}
%%% Bibmacro definitions
\renewbibmacro*{translator+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifusetranslator
and
not test {\ifnameundef{translator}}
}
{\printnames{translator}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{translator+othersstrg}%
\clearname{translator}}
{\printfield{key}}}
\newbibmacro*{year}{%
\iffieldundef{year}%
{\printtext{[n.\ d.]}}%
{\printfield{year}}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{date}{\printtext[parens]{\printdate}}
\renewbibmacro*{url+urldate}{\iffieldundef{urlyear}
{\iffieldundef{lastaccessed}
{}
{\printfield{lastaccessed}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
}
{\usebibmacro{urldate}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{url}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{journal}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{volume+number+date+pages+eid}%
\newcommaunit%
% \setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue-issue}%
\setunit*{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{volume+number+date+pages+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newcommaunit%
\printfield{eid}}%
\renewbibmacro*{chapter+pages}{%
\printfield{chapter}%
\setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
\iffieldundef{pages}%
{\printfield{numpages}}%
{\printfield{pages}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{editor+others}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test \ifuseeditor
and
not test {\ifnameundef{editor}}
}
{\printnames{editor}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{editor+othersstrg}%
\clearname{editor}}
{\iflistundef{organization}{}{\printlist{organization}}}}
\newbibmacro*{issue-issue}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}%
{}%
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}{%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{}
{\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{volume}
{}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}}}%
\usebibmacro{booktitle}%
\setunit*{\addspace}
\printfield[parens]{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\newunit
}
\renewbibmacro*{booktitle}{%
\ifboolexpr{
test {\iffieldundef{booktitle}}
and
test {\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}}
}
{}
{\printtext[booktitle]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{booktitle}%
\iffieldundef{booksubtitle}{}{
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{booksubtitle}}%
}%
}%
\printfield{booktitleaddon}}
\renewbibmacro*{volume+number+eid}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}}
\renewbibmacro*{publisher+location+date}{%
\printlist{publisher}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro{date-ifmonth}{%
\iffieldundef{month}{}{%
\usebibmacro{date}
}%
}
\renewbibmacro*{institution+location+date}{%
\printlist{school}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{institution}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{periodical}{%
\iffieldundef{title}
{}
{\printtext[title]{%
\printfield[titlecase]{title}%
\setunit{\subtitlepunct}%
\printfield[titlecase]{subtitle}}}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{journal}}
\renewbibmacro*{issue+date}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}
{\usebibmacro{date}}
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{date}}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{title+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{periodical}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{articleno}
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}%
\setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue+date}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{doi+eprint+url}{%
\iftoggle{bbx:url}
{\iffieldundef{doi}{
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}
}{\iffieldundef{distinctURL}
{}
{\usebibmacro{url+urldate}}
}
}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:doi}
{\printfield{doi}}
{}}
%%% Definitions for drivers (alphabetical)
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock%
\usebibmacro{year}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{bytranslator+others}%
\newunit\newblock%
\printfield{version}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{journal+issuetitle}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit%
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock%
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock%
\usebibmacro{related}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}%
\newunit%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
\newunit%
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inbook}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\iffieldundef{author}%
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
{\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
% \usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{author}{}%if undef then we already printed editor
{\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inproceedings}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle+series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{event+venue+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{manual}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{misc}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{howpublished}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{organization+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\printlist{organization}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date-ifmonth}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
{\usebibmacro{eprint}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[patent]{number}{Patent No.~#1}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{patent}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{date}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\iflistundef{location}
{}
{\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printtext[parens]{%
\printlist[][-\value{listtotal}]{location}}}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byholder}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{periodical}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{editor}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title+issuetitle}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{issn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{report}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{version}%
\newunit
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{institution+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isrn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{thesis}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{year}
\newunit
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{type}%
\newunit
\usebibmacro{institution+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
%
% Include support for software entries
%
\blx@inputonce{software.bbx}{biblatex style for software}{}{}{}{}
%
% Handle ACM specific ArtifactSoftware entry exactly as the software entry (a soft alias will not work)
%
\DeclareStyleSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[typesource=artifactsoftware,typetarget=software]
\step[typesource=artifactdataset,typetarget=dataset]
}
}
}
%
% Show given name first in the reference list
%
\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{given-family}
%
% Produce a bibliography with small font size
%
\renewcommand*{\bibfont}{\bibliofont\footnotesize}
%%% Set option values for ACM style
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{
labeldate=year,
abbreviate=true,
dateabbrev=true,
isbn=true,
doi=true,
urldate=comp,
url=true,
maxbibnames=9,
maxcitenames=2,
backref=false,
sorting=nty,
halid=true,
swhid=true,
swlabels=true,
vcs=true,
license=false,
language=american
}

5
docs/EuroSys/samples/acmnumeric.cbx Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
\ProvidesFile{acmnumeric.cbx}[2017-09-27 v0.1]
\RequireCitationStyle{numeric}
\endinput

1
docs/EuroSys/samples/comment.cut Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
To Robert, for the bagels and explaining CMYK and color spaces.

32
docs/EuroSys/samples/sample-acmcp.aux Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
\relax
\providecommand\zref@newlabel[2]{}
\providecommand\hyper@newdestlabel[2]{}
\providecommand\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\AtBeginDocument}
\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined
\global\let\oldcontentsline\contentsline
\gdef\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}}
\global\let\oldnewlabel\newlabel
\gdef\newlabel#1#2{\newlabelxx{#1}#2}
\gdef\newlabelxx#1#2#3#4#5#6{\oldnewlabel{#1}{{#2}{#3}}}
\AtEndDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined
\let\contentsline\oldcontentsline
\let\newlabel\oldnewlabel
\fi}
\fi}
\global\let\hyper@last\relax
\gdef\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument#1{#1}
\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToFields[1]{}
\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToCoFields[2]{}
\newlabel{tocindent-1}{0pt}
\newlabel{tocindent0}{0pt}
\newlabel{tocindent1}{0pt}
\newlabel{tocindent2}{0pt}
\newlabel{tocindent3}{0pt}
\newlabel{TotPages}{{0}{0}{}{page.0}{}}
\zref@newlabel{@ACM@acmcpbox@y}{\posy{20036137}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{Problem statement}{1}{section*.1}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{Methods}{1}{section*.2}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{Results}{1}{section*.3}\protected@file@percent }
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This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2022)
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%%
%% This is file `sample-acmcp.tex',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% samples.dtx (with options: `all,journal,acmcp')
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%%
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%%
%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
%% with new filenames distinct from sample-acmcp.tex.
%%
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
%% for copying and modification in the file samples.dtx.
%%
%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
%% in the same archive or directory.)
%%
%%
%% Commands for TeXCount
%TC:macro \cite [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citep [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
%TC:envir table 0 1
%TC:envir table* 0 1
%TC:envir tabular [ignore] word
%TC:envir displaymath 0 word
%TC:envir math 0 word
%TC:envir comment 0 0
%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass
%% command.
%%
%% For submission and review of your manuscript please change the
%% command to \documentclass[manuscript, screen, review]{acmart}.
%%
%% When submitting camera ready or to TAPS, please change the command
%% to \documentclass[sigconf]{acmart} or whichever template is required
%% for your publication.
%%
%%
\documentclass[acmcp]{acmart}
%%
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form.
\setcopyright{acmlicensed}
\copyrightyear{2018}
\acmYear{2018}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
%%
%% These commands are for a JOURNAL article.
\acmJournal{JDS}
\acmVolume{37}
\acmNumber{4}
\acmArticle{111}
\acmMonth{8}
%%
%% Submission ID.
%% Use this when submitting an article to a sponsored event. You'll
%% receive a unique submission ID from the organizers
%% of the event, and this ID should be used as the parameter to this command.
%%\acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3}
%%
%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
\begin{document}
%%
%% The "title" command has an optional parameter,
%% allowing the author to define a "short title" to be used in page headers.
\title{The Name of the Title Is Hope}
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
%% Of note is the shared affiliation of the first two authors, and the
%% "authornote" and "authornotemark" commands
%% used to denote shared contribution to the research.
\author{Ben Trovato}
\email{trovato@corporation.com}
\orcid{1234-5678-9012}
\author{G.K.M. Tobin}
\email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
\city{Dublin}
\state{Ohio}
\country{USA}
}
\author{Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{larst@affiliation.org}
\author{Valerie B\'eranger}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Inria Paris-Rocquencourt}
\city{Rocquencourt}
\country{France}
}
\author{Aparna Patel}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Rajiv Gandhi University}
\city{Doimukh}
\state{Arunachal Pradesh}
\country{India}}
\author{Huifen Chan}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Tsinghua University}
\city{Haidian Qu}
\state{Beijing Shi}
\country{China}}
\author{Charles Palmer}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Palmer Research Laboratories}
\city{San Antonio}
\state{Texas}
\country{USA}}
\email{cpalmer@prl.com}
\author{John Smith}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{jsmith@affiliation.org}
\author{Julius P. Kumquat}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Kumquat Consortium}
\city{New York}
\country{USA}}
\email{jpkumquat@consortium.net}
%%
%% By default, the full list of authors will be used in the page
%% headers. Often, this list is too long, and will overlap
%% other information printed in the page headers. This command allows
%% the author to define a more concise list
%% of authors' names for this purpose.
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Trovato et al.}
%%
%% Article type: Research, Review, Discussion, Invited or position
\acmArticleType{Review}
%%
%% Links to code and data
\acmCodeLink{https://github.com/borisveytsman/acmart}
\acmDataLink{htps://zenodo.org/link}
%%
%% Authors' contribution
\acmContributions{BT and GKMT designed the study; LT, VB, and AP
conducted the experiments, BR, HC, CP and JS analyzed the results,
JPK developed analytical predictions, all authors participated in
writing the manuscript.}
%%
%% Sometimes the addresses are too long to fit on the page. In this
%% case uncomment the lines below and fill them accodingly.
%%
%% \authorsaddresses{Corresponding author: Ben Trovato,
%% \href{mailto:trovato@corporation.com}{trovato@corporation.com};
%% Institute for Clarity in Documentation, P.O. Box 1212, Dublin,
%% Ohio, USA, 43017-6221}
%%
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\keywords{Do, Not, Us, This, Code, Put, the, Correct, Terms, for,
Your, Paper}
\maketitle
\section{Problem statement}
In this document we discuss how to write an ACM article.
\section{Methods}
This document provides \LaTeX\ templates for the article. We
demonstrate different versions of ACM styles and show various options
and commands. We add extensive documentation for these commands and
show examples of their use.
\section{Results}
We hope the resulting templates and documentation will help the
readers to write submissions for ACM journals and proceedings.
\section{Significance}
This document is important for anybody wanting to comply with the
requirements of ACM publishing.
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmcp.tex'.

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\relax
\providecommand\hyper@newdestlabel[2]{}
\providecommand\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\AtBeginDocument}
\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined
\global\let\oldcontentsline\contentsline
\gdef\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}}
\global\let\oldnewlabel\newlabel
\gdef\newlabel#1#2{\newlabelxx{#1}#2}
\gdef\newlabelxx#1#2#3#4#5#6{\oldnewlabel{#1}{{#2}{#3}}}
\AtEndDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined
\let\contentsline\oldcontentsline
\let\newlabel\oldnewlabel
\fi}
\fi}
\global\let\hyper@last\relax
\gdef\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument#1{#1}
\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToFields[1]{}
\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToCoFields[2]{}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Engagement Highlights}{1}{section.1}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Recommendations}{1}{section.2}\protected@file@percent }
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Related Online Resources}{2}{section.4}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Materials}{2}{section.5}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Meta-Data}{2}{section.6}\protected@file@percent }
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Course}{2}{subsection.6.1}\protected@file@percent }
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.5}Knowledge Unit}{2}{subsection.6.5}\protected@file@percent }
\citation{doclicense}
\citation{Kosiur01}
\citation{Abril07}
\citation{Harel78}
\citation{Thornburg01,Ablamowicz07}
\citation{Obama08}
\citation{R}
\citation{UMassCitations}
\citation{CTANacmart}
\bibstyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibdata{sample-base}
\bibcite{Ablamowicz07}{{1}{2007}{{Ablamowicz and Fauser}}{{}}}
\bibcite{Abril07}{{2}{2007}{{Abril and Plant}}{{}}}
\bibcite{UMassCitations}{{3}{2013}{{Anzaroot and McCallum}}{{}}}
\bibcite{Harel78}{{4}{1978}{{Harel}}{{}}}
\bibcite{Kosiur01}{{5}{2001}{{Kosiur}}{{}}}
\bibcite{Obama08}{{6}{2008}{{Obama}}{{}}}
\bibcite{R}{{7}{2019}{{R Core Team}}{{}}}
\bibcite{doclicense}{{8}{2022}{{Schneider}}{{}}}
\bibcite{Thornburg01}{{9}{2001}{{Thornburg}}{{}}}
\bibcite{CTANacmart}{{10}{2017}{{Veytsman}}{{}}}
\newlabel{tocindent-1}{0pt}
\newlabel{tocindent0}{0pt}
\newlabel{tocindent1}{4.65pt}
\newlabel{tocindent2}{11.49998pt}
\newlabel{tocindent3}{0pt}
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\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Citations and References}{3}{section.8}\protected@file@percent }
\newlabel{sec:citations}{{8}{3}{Citations and References}{section.8}{}}
\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9}Auxiliary Materials}{3}{section.9}\protected@file@percent }
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\newlabel{TotPages}{{3}{3}{}{page.3}{}}
\gdef \@abspage@last{3}

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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% Do NOT edit. File created by BibTeX with style
%%% ACM-Reference-Format-Journals [18-Jan-2012].
\begin{thebibliography}{10}
%%% ====================================================================
%%% NOTE TO THE USER: you can override these defaults by providing
%%% customized versions of any of these macros before the \bibliography
%%% command. Each of them MUST provide its own final punctuation,
%%% except for \shownote{}, \showDOI{}, and \showURL{}. The latter two
%%% do not use final punctuation, in order to avoid confusing it with
%%% the Web address.
%%%
%%% To suppress output of a particular field, define its macro to expand
%%% to an empty string, or better, \unskip, like this:
%%%
%%% \newcommand{\showDOI}[1]{\unskip} % LaTeX syntax
%%%
%%% \def \showDOI #1{\unskip} % plain TeX syntax
%%%
%%% ====================================================================
\ifx \showCODEN \undefined \def \showCODEN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showDOI \undefined \def \showDOI #1{#1}\fi
\ifx \showISBNx \undefined \def \showISBNx #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showISBNxiii \undefined \def \showISBNxiii #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showISSN \undefined \def \showISSN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showLCCN \undefined \def \showLCCN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \shownote \undefined \def \shownote #1{#1} \fi
\ifx \showarticletitle \undefined \def \showarticletitle #1{#1} \fi
\ifx \showURL \undefined \def \showURL {\relax} \fi
% The following commands are used for tagged output and should be
% invisible to TeX
\providecommand\bibfield[2]{#2}
\providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}
\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}
\providecommand\showeprint[2][]{arXiv:#2}
\bibitem[Ablamowicz and Fauser(2007)]%
{Ablamowicz07}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Rafal Ablamowicz} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Bertfried Fauser}.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{CLIFFORD: a Maple 11 Package for Clifford
Algebra Computations, version 11}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://math.tntech.edu/rafal/cliff11/index.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved February 28, 2008 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Abril and Plant(2007)]%
{Abril07}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Patricia~S. Abril} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Robert Plant}.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{The patent holder's dilemma: Buy, sell, or troll?}
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Commun. ACM}} \bibinfo{volume}{50},
\bibinfo{number}{1} (\bibinfo{date}{Jan.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}),
\bibinfo{pages}{36--44}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/1188913.1188915}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Anzaroot and McCallum(2013)]%
{UMassCitations}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Sam Anzaroot} {and} \bibinfo{person}{Andrew
McCallum}.} \bibinfo{year}{2013}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{{UMass} Citation Field Extraction
Dataset}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.iesl.cs.umass.edu/data/data-umasscitationfield}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2019 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Harel(1978)]%
{Harel78}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{David Harel}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1978}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{LOGICS of Programs: AXIOMATICS and
DESCRIPTIVE POWER}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{type}{MIT Research Lab Technical Report} TR-200.
\bibinfo{institution}{Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
\bibinfo{address}{Cambridge, MA}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Kosiur(2001)]%
{Kosiur01}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{David Kosiur}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2001}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Understanding Policy-Based Networking}
(\bibinfo{edition}{2nd.} ed.)}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Wiley}, \bibinfo{address}{New York, NY}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Obama(2008)]%
{Obama08}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Barack Obama}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{A more perfect union}.
\newblock \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 21, 2008 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[{R Core Team}(2019)]%
{R}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{{R Core Team}}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2019}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{R: A Language and Environment for
Statistical Computing}}.
\newblock R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://www.R-project.org/}
\showURL{%
\tempurl}
\bibitem[Schneider(2022)]%
{doclicense}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Robin Schneider}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2022}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{The \textsl{doclicense} package}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/doclicense}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2022 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Thornburg(2001)]%
{Thornburg01}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Harry Thornburg}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2001}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Introduction to Bayesian Statistics}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/bayes/bayes.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 2, 2005 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Veytsman(2017)]%
{CTANacmart}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Boris Veytsman}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2017}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{acmart---{Class} for typesetting
publications of {ACM}}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/acmart}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2017 from \tempurl}
\end{thebibliography}

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This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2022)
Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003
The top-level auxiliary file: sample-acmengage.aux
The style file: ACM-Reference-Format.bst
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated wiz_functions (elt_size=4) to 6000 items from 3000.
Database file #1: sample-base.bib
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated glb_str_ptr (elt_size=4) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated global_strs (elt_size=200001) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated glb_str_end (elt_size=4) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Warning--empty organization in Ablamowicz07
Warning--empty organization in UMassCitations
Warning--empty organization in doclicense
Warning--empty organization in Thornburg01
Warning--empty organization in CTANacmart
You've used 10 entries,
5981 wiz_defined-function locations,
1700 strings with 21377 characters,
and the built_in function-call counts, 7803 in all, are:
= -- 871
> -- 212
< -- 1
+ -- 67
- -- 91
* -- 511
:= -- 856
add.period$ -- 47
call.type$ -- 10
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chr.to.int$ -- 10
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width$ -- 0
write$ -- 247
(There were 5 warnings)

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%%
%% This is file `sample-acmengage.tex',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% acmengage.dtx (with options: `acmengage')
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%%
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%%
%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
%% with new filenames distinct from sample-acmengage.tex.
%%
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
%% for copying and modification in the file acmengage.dtx.
%%
%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
%% in the same archive or directory.)
%%
%%
%% Commands for TeXCount
%TC:macro \cite [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citep [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
%TC:envir table 0 1
%TC:envir table* 0 1
%TC:envir tabular [ignore] word
%TC:envir displaymath 0 word
%TC:envir math 0 word
%TC:envir comment 0 0
%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass command.
\documentclass[acmengage]{acmart}
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form. Note that by default course materials
%% use Creative Commons license
\setcopyright{cc}
\setcctype{by}
\copyrightyear{2022}
\acmYear{May 2022}
\acmBooktitle{ACM EngageCSEdu}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
\begin{document}
\title{EngageCSEdu Submission Title (600 char limit)}
\author{Author One}
\email{author1@institution.edu}
\affiliation{%
\institution{University of XXX}
\city{SomeCity}
\country{SomeCountry}}
\author{Author Two}
\email{author2@institution.xxx}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Some School}
\city{SomeCity}
\country{SomeCountry}}
\author{Author Three}
\email{author3@school.xxx}
\affiliation{%
\institution{A3 affiliation}
\city{SomeCity}
\country{SomeCountry}}
%% The synopsis is a name for the abstract
\begin{abstract}
A required section. The synopsis is similar to a paper abstract. The synop-
sis will display in the digital library as the abstract. The synopsis should
be copied into ScholarOne as the abstract for submission. The synopsis
should contain an overall description of the Open Educational Resource
(OER). The synopsis lets other instructors quickly understand what this
material is about. Include any learning objectives and a description of the
approach taken. Put details about implementation and necessary prerequi-
site knowledge in the Recommendations section. The following template is
a suggested format:
This [assignment/project/homework/lab] helps students gain experience
and proficiency with [ e.g. arrays, for/while loops, conditional statements.]
Students will learn how to [skills acquired].
The reader should get an understanding of what topic is associated with
the OER and what, if anything, the students will be asked to do.
\end{abstract}
%% Metadata for the course
\setengagemetadata{Course}{CS1}
\setengagemetadata{Programming Language}{Python}
\setengagemetadata{Knowledge Unit}{Programming Concepts}
\setengagemetadata{CS Topics}{Functions, Data Types, Expressions,
Mathematical Reasoning}
%% Keywords
\keywords{Arithmetic Operators, Assignment Statements, Comprehension,
Student Voice}
\maketitle
\section{Engagement Highlights}
A required section. This section of the paper should detail how the OER engages the students. The engagement must be based on at least one evidenced-based teaching practice known to broaden participation or improve student learning. Examples include the practices from the NCWIT Engagement Practices Framework: using meaningful and relevant content, making interdisciplinary connections to CS, addressing misconceptions about the field of CS, incorporating student choice, giving effective encouragement, mitigating stereotype threat, offering student-centered assessments, providing opportunities for interaction with faculty, avoiding stereotypes, using well-structured collaborative learning, or encouraging student interaction. Other potential evidence-based practices include using culturally relevant pedagogy, or universal design for learning. All submissions must identify what evidence-based practice they incorporate and be specific in how the practice is included within the OER.
Information on how to differentiate this assignment (i.e. provide different versions for students of differing abilities) could also go in this section. It could also outline how instructors might modify
the assignment to increase enhance student engagement. If these modifications are extensive, they could also be discussed in their own section.
\section{Recommendations}
A required section. In this section authors should give specific recommendations and advice to other instructors who might want to adapt this resource for their own classroom. Important information to include in this section includes identifying how much time is required to introduce or complete the task, potential pitfalls or student struggles, lessons learned from using the OER, and any information on extensions or differentiation for students. Think of this section as the information you would provide a colleague before they use this OER in their classroom.
\section{Additional Sections}
Optional. Authors may add additional sections to fully explain all the pieces of their OER. It can (and probably should) have multiple sections and the section headers are at the discretion of the authors. Sections may expand on information presented in the synopsis, recommendations, and engagement highlights. Suggested sections include: Introduction, Background Material, Implementation Guidelines, Marking Guidelines, Extensions and Modifications, Pitfalls, Acknowledgements, Student Feedback, and References.
\section{Related Online Resources}
EngageCSEdu requires that all materials that are part of the OER submission be included with the submission and not just URL links to materials stored on other sites. However, any related background or reference material used to provide instructor or student knowledge as opposed to instructional material may be included as citations within the paper
(see section \ref{sec:citations})
or you may include a numbered list of external links and extensions in an optional section titled ``Auxilary Materials" that should come immediately before "References".
\section{Materials}
A required section. You must provide a list of the contents of the zipped file including a description of each contained file. This may be provided as text or as an unordered list.
A single zipped file containing all the OER instructional materials including assignment handouts / specification, starter code, rubric, solution, etc. will also be submitted.
\section{Meta-Data}
This section is included in the template to explain the choices for the meta-data at the top of the paper. It should not be included in the final paper submission.
\subsection{Course}
Current courses are:
\begin{itemize}
\item CS0---a breadth first introductory computing course similar to Exploring Computer Science or AP CS Principles
\item CS1---an introductory programming course covering topics normally associated with an imperative or functional programming course. Similar to an AP CS A course
\item Data Structures---a follow-on course occurring after CS1 that introduces linear and non-linear data structures including implementation and usage
\item Discrete Math---a course covering discrete mathematical
structures such as integers, graphs and logic statements. This
may include logic, set theory, combinatorics, graphy theory,
number theory, topology, etc.
\item HCI---a course in the general area of human computer
interaction. This might be a general HCI course or a course in a
specific subdiscipline such as user-centred design.
\end{itemize}
More than one course may be selected. If you are submitting an OER for a special topics issue of Engage, please discuss the appropriate course choice with the guest editors of the special issue.
\subsection{Programming Language}
Authors may select all that apply from the following list:
\begin{itemize}
\item C
\item C++
\item C\#
\item Java
\item JavaScript
\item Processing
\item Python
\item Racket (DrScheme)
\item Scheme
\item Scratch
\item Pseudocode
\item Other
\item None
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Resource Type}
One resource type must be selected. Current list to select from includes:
\begin{itemize}
\item Assignment---the most common OER type. Typically represents a task assigned to individual or groups of students that will be completed outside of class time.
\item Lecture slides---an annotated set of presentation slides to introduce or explain a topic, typically a cutting-edge research topic, to a more lay audience. An example might be explaining a specific cryptography algorithm, blockchain, or an AI / ML solution to a problem.
\item Lab---this represents a task assigned to an individual or group of students to be completed under supervision, usually during a closed-lab model
\item Project---an assignment that is of a longer duration, perhaps multiple weeks to an entire term
\item Tutorial---a task usually completed by an individual to learn some material on their own
\item Other---any other type of OER that does not fit into one of the above categories
\end{itemize}
\subsection{CS Concepts}
This is selectable from the ontology of topics found at \url{https://www.engage-csedu.org/ontology}. Up to three topics may be selected. Eventually this page will be a tool allowing you to select up to three nodes in the tree and then copy / paste the descriptive text into your document and the submission system.
\subsection{Knowledge Unit}
Authors will select the most appropriate one from the following list:
\begin{itemize}
\item Programming Concepts---anything involving programming
\item Data Structures---anything involving data structures
\item Software Development Methods---if the OER centers around software development (i.e., requirements gathering, testing, maintenance, code reviews) rather than the actual programming content
\item Discrete Math---anything involving discrete math
\item N/A---not applicable
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Creative Commons License}
During the submission process on ScholarOne, authors will select one create commons license from the following list:
\begin{itemize}
\item CC BY-SA
\item CC BY-NC
\item CC BY-NC-ND
\item CC BY-NC-SA
\item CC BY-ND
\item CC BY
\end{itemize}
The correct typesetting of materials under creative commons license
requires the corresponding CC icon. A modern \TeX\ distribution
includes these icons in the package \textsl{doclicense}
\cite{doclicense}. In case your distribution does not have them, ACM
provides a file \path{ccicons.zip} with these icons. Just unzip it in
the same directory where your document is.
More information on Creative Common Licensing may be found at \url{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/}.
\section{Submission}
When you make a submission using ScholarOne you must upload:
\begin{itemize}
\item an anonymized version of this paper for review
\item a zipped file containing all the student-facing materials. The materials in this file must also be anonymized for the purposes of fully anonymous review.
\end{itemize}
\section{Citations and References}
\label{sec:citations}
We recommend using \BibTeX\ to prepare your references. The bibliography is included
in your source document with these two commands, placed just before
the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{bibfile}
\end{verbatim}
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
suffix, of the \BibTeX\ file.
Here are a few examples of the types of things you might cite in an EngageCSEdu submission:
a book \cite{Kosiur01},
a journal article \cite{Abril07},
an informally published work \cite{Harel78},
an online document / world wide web resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07},
a video \cite{Obama08},
a software package \cite{R}, and an online dataset \cite{UMassCitations}.
For other examples, see the file sample-acmsmall-conf.tex \cite{CTANacmart}.
\section{Auxiliary Materials}
This section is optional, but if included must immediately precede the References section. If there are no References, Auxiliary Materials should be last. This should be
a numbered list of URLs with an optional brief description of the content found at each URL. Here is an example.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \url{https://somenews.org/xxx/} A news article relevant to this OER.
\item \url{https://somesite.gov/xxx/} A relevant government report.
\item \url{https://someplace.edu/xxxx/} A public data set of interest.
\item \url{https://github.com/xxxx/} A public github project that is related.
\end{enumerate}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{sample-base}
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmengage.tex'.

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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% Do NOT edit. File created by BibTeX with style
%%% ACM-Reference-Format-Journals [18-Jan-2012].
\begin{thebibliography}{38}
%%% ====================================================================
%%% NOTE TO THE USER: you can override these defaults by providing
%%% customized versions of any of these macros before the \bibliography
%%% command. Each of them MUST provide its own final punctuation,
%%% except for \shownote{}, \showDOI{}, and \showURL{}. The latter two
%%% do not use final punctuation, in order to avoid confusing it with
%%% the Web address.
%%%
%%% To suppress output of a particular field, define its macro to expand
%%% to an empty string, or better, \unskip, like this:
%%%
%%% \newcommand{\showDOI}[1]{\unskip} % LaTeX syntax
%%%
%%% \def \showDOI #1{\unskip} % plain TeX syntax
%%%
%%% ====================================================================
\ifx \showCODEN \undefined \def \showCODEN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showDOI \undefined \def \showDOI #1{#1}\fi
\ifx \showISBNx \undefined \def \showISBNx #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showISBNxiii \undefined \def \showISBNxiii #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showISSN \undefined \def \showISSN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showLCCN \undefined \def \showLCCN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \shownote \undefined \def \shownote #1{#1} \fi
\ifx \showarticletitle \undefined \def \showarticletitle #1{#1} \fi
\ifx \showURL \undefined \def \showURL {\relax} \fi
% The following commands are used for tagged output and should be
% invisible to TeX
\providecommand\bibfield[2]{#2}
\providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}
\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}
\providecommand\showeprint[2][]{arXiv:#2}
\bibitem[Ablamowicz and Fauser(2007)]%
{Ablamowicz07}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Rafal Ablamowicz} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Bertfried Fauser}.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{CLIFFORD: a Maple 11 Package for Clifford
Algebra Computations, version 11}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://math.tntech.edu/rafal/cliff11/index.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved February 28, 2008 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Abril and Plant(2007)]%
{Abril07}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Patricia~S. Abril} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Robert Plant}.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{The patent holder's dilemma: Buy, sell, or troll?}
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Commun. ACM}} \bibinfo{volume}{50},
\bibinfo{number}{1} (\bibinfo{date}{Jan.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}),
\bibinfo{pages}{36--44}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/1188913.1188915}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Andler(1979)]%
{Andler79}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Sten Andler}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1979}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Predicate Path expressions}. In
\bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Proceedings of the 6th. ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN
symposium on Principles of Programming Languages}}
\emph{(\bibinfo{series}{POPL '79})}. \bibinfo{publisher}{ACM Press},
\bibinfo{address}{New York, NY}, \bibinfo{pages}{226--236}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/567752.567774}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Anisi(2003)]%
{anisi03}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{David~A. Anisi}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2003}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{title}{Optimal Motion Control of a Ground Vehicle}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{thesistype}{Master's\ thesis}. \bibinfo{school}{Royal
Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Anzaroot and McCallum(2013)]%
{UMassCitations}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Sam Anzaroot} {and} \bibinfo{person}{Andrew
McCallum}.} \bibinfo{year}{2013}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{{UMass} Citation Field Extraction
Dataset}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.iesl.cs.umass.edu/data/data-umasscitationfield}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2019 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Anzaroot et~al\mbox{.}(2014)]%
{AnzarootPBM14}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Sam Anzaroot}, \bibinfo{person}{Alexandre
Passos}, \bibinfo{person}{David Belanger}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{Andrew
McCallum}.} \bibinfo{year}{2014}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Learning Soft Linear Constraints with Application to
Citation Field Extraction}.
\newblock
\newblock
\showeprint[arxiv]{1403.1349}
\bibitem[Bornmann et~al\mbox{.}(2019)]%
{Bornmann2019}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Lutz Bornmann}, \bibinfo{person}{K.~Brad
Wray}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{Robin Haunschild}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2019}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Citation concept analysis {(CCA)}---A new form of
citation analysis revealing the usefulness of concepts for other researchers
illustrated by two exemplary case studies including classic books by {Thomas
S.~Kuhn} and {Karl R.~Popper}}.
\newblock
\newblock
\showeprint[arxiv]{1905.12410}~[cs.DL]
\bibitem[Clarkson(1985)]%
{Clarkson85}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Kenneth~L. Clarkson}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1985}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \emph{\bibinfo{title}{Algorithms for Closest-Point Problems
(Computational Geometry)}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{thesistype}{Ph.\,D. Dissertation}. \bibinfo{school}{Stanford
University}, \bibinfo{address}{Palo Alto, CA}.
\newblock
\newblock
\shownote{UMI Order Number: AAT 8506171}.
\bibitem[Cohen(1996)]%
{JCohen96}
\bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Jacques Cohen}} (Ed.).
\bibinfo{year}{1996}\natexlab{}. \showarticletitle{Special issue: Digital
Libraries}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Commun. {ACM}}} \bibinfo{volume}{39},
\bibinfo{number}{11} (\bibinfo{date}{Nov.} \bibinfo{year}{1996}).
\bibitem[Cohen et~al\mbox{.}(2007)]%
{Cohen07}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Sarah Cohen}, \bibinfo{person}{Werner Nutt},
{and} \bibinfo{person}{Yehoshua Sagic}.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Deciding equivalances among conjunctive aggregate
queries}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{J. ACM}} \bibinfo{volume}{54},
\bibinfo{number}{2}, Article \bibinfo{articleno}{5} (\bibinfo{date}{April}
\bibinfo{year}{2007}), \bibinfo{numpages}{50}~pages.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/1219092.1219093}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Douglass et~al\mbox{.}(1998)]%
{Douglass98}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Bruce~P. Douglass}, \bibinfo{person}{David
Harel}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{Mark~B. Trakhtenbrot}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1998}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Statecarts in use: structured analysis and
object-orientation}.
\newblock In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Lectures on Embedded Systems}},
\bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Grzegorz Rozenberg} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Frits~W. Vaandrager}} (Eds.). \bibinfo{series}{Lecture Notes
in Computer Science}, Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{1494}.
\bibinfo{publisher}{Springer-Verlag}, \bibinfo{address}{London},
\bibinfo{pages}{368--394}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-65193-4_29}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Editor(2007)]%
{Editor00}
\bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Ian Editor}} (Ed.).
\bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{The title of book one}
(\bibinfo{edition}{1st.} ed.)}. \bibinfo{series}{The name of the series one},
Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{9}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{University of Chicago Press},
\bibinfo{address}{Chicago}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09237-4}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Editor(2008)]%
{Editor00a}
\bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Ian Editor}} (Ed.).
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{The title of book two}
(\bibinfo{edition}{2nd.} ed.)}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{University of Chicago Press},
\bibinfo{address}{Chicago}, Chapter 100.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09237-4}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Gundy et~al\mbox{.}(2007)]%
{VanGundy07}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Matthew~Van Gundy}, \bibinfo{person}{Davide
Balzarotti}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{Giovanni Vigna}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Catch me, if you can: Evading network signatures
with web-based polymorphic worms}. In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Proceedings
of the first USENIX workshop on Offensive Technologies}}
\emph{(\bibinfo{series}{WOOT '07})}. \bibinfo{publisher}{USENIX Association},
\bibinfo{address}{Berkley, CA}, Article \bibinfo{articleno}{7},
\bibinfo{numpages}{9}~pages.
\newblock
\bibitem[Hagerup et~al\mbox{.}(1993)]%
{Hagerup1993}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Torben Hagerup}, \bibinfo{person}{Kurt
Mehlhorn}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{J.~Ian Munro}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1993}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Maintaining Discrete Probability Distributions
Optimally}. In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Proceedings of the 20th
International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming}}
\emph{(\bibinfo{series}{Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{700})}. \bibinfo{publisher}{Springer-Verlag},
\bibinfo{address}{Berlin}, \bibinfo{pages}{253--264}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Harel(1978)]%
{Harel78}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{David Harel}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1978}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{LOGICS of Programs: AXIOMATICS and
DESCRIPTIVE POWER}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{type}{MIT Research Lab Technical Report} TR-200.
\bibinfo{institution}{Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
\bibinfo{address}{Cambridge, MA}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Harel(1979)]%
{Harel79}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{David Harel}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1979}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{First-Order Dynamic Logic}}.
\bibinfo{series}{Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{68}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Springer-Verlag}, \bibinfo{address}{New York,
NY}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09237-4}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[H{\"o}rmander(1985a)]%
{MR781537}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Lars H{\"o}rmander}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1985}\natexlab{a}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{The analysis of linear partial differential
operators. {III}}}. \bibinfo{series}{Grundlehren der Mathematischen
Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sciences]},
Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{275}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Springer-Verlag}, \bibinfo{address}{Berlin,
Germany}. viii+525 pages.
\newblock
\showISBNx{3-540-13828-5}
\newblock
\shownote{Pseudodifferential operators}.
\bibitem[H{\"o}rmander(1985b)]%
{MR781536}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Lars H{\"o}rmander}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1985}\natexlab{b}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{The analysis of linear partial differential
operators. {IV}}}. \bibinfo{series}{Grundlehren der Mathematischen
Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sciences]},
Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{275}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Springer-Verlag}, \bibinfo{address}{Berlin,
Germany}. vii+352 pages.
\newblock
\showISBNx{3-540-13829-3}
\newblock
\shownote{Fourier integral operators}.
\bibitem[IEEE(2004)]%
{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128}
IEEE \bibinfo{year}{2004}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{IEEE TCSC Executive Committee}. In
\bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Web Services}} \emph{(\bibinfo{series}{ICWS '04})}. \bibinfo{publisher}{IEEE
Computer Society}, \bibinfo{address}{Washington, DC, USA},
\bibinfo{pages}{21--22}.
\newblock
\showISBNx{0-7695-2167-3}
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWS.2004.64}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Kirschmer and Voight(2010)]%
{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Markus Kirschmer} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{John Voight}.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Algorithmic Enumeration of Ideal Classes for
Quaternion Orders}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{SIAM J. Comput.}} \bibinfo{volume}{39},
\bibinfo{number}{5} (\bibinfo{date}{Jan.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}),
\bibinfo{pages}{1714--1747}.
\newblock
\showISSN{0097-5397}
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1137/080734467}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Knuth(1997)]%
{Knuth97}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Donald~E. Knuth}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1997}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 1:
Fundamental Algorithms (3rd. ed.)}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.}
\newblock
\bibitem[Kosiur(2001)]%
{Kosiur01}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{David Kosiur}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2001}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Understanding Policy-Based Networking}
(\bibinfo{edition}{2nd.} ed.)}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Wiley}, \bibinfo{address}{New York, NY}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Lamport(1986)]%
{Lamport:LaTeX}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Leslie Lamport}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1986}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{\it {\LaTeX}: A Document Preparation
System}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Addison-Wesley}, \bibinfo{address}{Reading, MA.}
\newblock
\bibitem[Lee(2005)]%
{Lee05}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Newton Lee}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2005}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Interview with Bill Kinder: January 13, 2005}.
\newblock \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Comput. Entertain.}} \bibinfo{volume}{3},
\bibinfo{number}{1}, Article \bibinfo{articleno}{4}
(\bibinfo{date}{Jan.-March} \bibinfo{year}{2005}).
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/1057270.1057278}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Novak(2003)]%
{Novak03}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Dave Novak}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2003}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Solder man}. \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}. In
\bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Video Review on Animation theater
Program: Part I - Vol. 145 (July 27--27, 2003)}}. \bibinfo{publisher}{ACM
Press}, \bibinfo{address}{New York, NY}, \bibinfo{pages}{4}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/99.9999/woot07-S422}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555}
\showURL{%
\tempurl}
\bibitem[Obama(2008)]%
{Obama08}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Barack Obama}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{A more perfect union}.
\newblock \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 21, 2008 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Poker-Edge.Com(2006)]%
{Poker06}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Poker-Edge.Com}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2006}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Stats and Analysis}.
\newblock
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.poker-edge.com/stats.php}
\showURL{%
Retrieved June 7, 2006 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[{R Core Team}(2019)]%
{R}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{{R Core Team}}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2019}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{R: A Language and Environment for
Statistical Computing}}.
\newblock R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://www.R-project.org/}
\showURL{%
\tempurl}
\bibitem[Rous(2008)]%
{rous08}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Bernard Rous}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{The Enabling of Digital Libraries}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Digital Libraries}} \bibinfo{volume}{12},
\bibinfo{number}{3}, Article \bibinfo{articleno}{5} (\bibinfo{date}{July}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}).
\newblock
\newblock
\shownote{To appear}.
\bibitem[Saeedi et~al\mbox{.}(2010a)]%
{SaeediMEJ10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Saeedi},
\bibinfo{person}{Morteza~Saheb Zamani}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{Mehdi
Sedighi}.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{a}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{A library-based synthesis methodology for
reversible logic}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Microelectron. J.}} \bibinfo{volume}{41},
\bibinfo{number}{4} (\bibinfo{date}{April} \bibinfo{year}{2010}),
\bibinfo{pages}{185--194}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Saeedi et~al\mbox{.}(2010b)]%
{SaeediJETC10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Saeedi},
\bibinfo{person}{Morteza~Saheb Zamani}, \bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Sedighi},
{and} \bibinfo{person}{Zahra Sasanian}.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{b}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Synthesis of Reversible Circuit Using Cycle-Based
Approach}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.}}
\bibinfo{volume}{6}, \bibinfo{number}{4} (\bibinfo{date}{Dec.}
\bibinfo{year}{2010}).
\newblock
\bibitem[Scientist(2009)]%
{JoeScientist001}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Joseph Scientist}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2009}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{The fountain of youth}.
\newblock
\newblock
\newblock
\shownote{Patent No. 12345, Filed July 1st., 2008, Issued Aug. 9th., 2009}.
\bibitem[Smith(2010)]%
{Smith10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Stan~W. Smith}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{An experiment in bibliographic mark-up: Parsing
metadata for XML export}. In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Proceedings of the
3rd. annual workshop on Librarians and Computers}}
\emph{(\bibinfo{series}{LAC '10}, Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{3})},
\bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Reginald~N. Smythe} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Alexander Noble}} (Eds.). \bibinfo{publisher}{Paparazzi
Press}, \bibinfo{address}{Milan Italy}, \bibinfo{pages}{422--431}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/99.9999/woot07-S422}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Spector(1990)]%
{Spector90}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Asad~Z. Spector}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1990}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Achieving application requirements}.
\newblock In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Distributed Systems}
(\bibinfo{edition}{2nd.} ed.)}, \bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Sape
Mullender}} (Ed.). \bibinfo{publisher}{ACM Press}, \bibinfo{address}{New
York, NY}, \bibinfo{pages}{19--33}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/90417.90738}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Thornburg(2001)]%
{Thornburg01}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Harry Thornburg}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2001}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Introduction to Bayesian Statistics}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/bayes/bayes.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 2, 2005 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[TUG(2017)]%
{TUGInstmem}
TUG \bibinfo{year}{2017}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Institutional members of the {\TeX} Users
Group}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://wwtug.org/instmem.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2017 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Veytsman(2017)]%
{CTANacmart}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Boris Veytsman}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2017}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{acmart---{Class} for typesetting
publications of {ACM}}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/acmart}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2017 from \tempurl}
\end{thebibliography}

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This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2022)
Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003
The top-level auxiliary file: sample-acmlarge.aux
The style file: ACM-Reference-Format.bst
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated wiz_functions (elt_size=4) to 6000 items from 3000.
Database file #1: sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "Bornmann2019" isn't style-file defined
--line 1612 of file sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "AnzarootPBM14" isn't style-file defined
--line 1629 of file sample-base.bib
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated glb_str_ptr (elt_size=4) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated global_strs (elt_size=200001) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated glb_str_end (elt_size=4) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Warning--empty organization in Ablamowicz07
Warning--empty organization in UMassCitations
Warning--empty chapter and pages in Editor00
Warning--page numbers missing in Editor00a
Warning--empty author in 2004:ITE:1009386.1010128
Warning--empty address in Knuth97
Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in Lee05
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in Lee05
Warning--articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in Lee05
Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in rous08
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in rous08
Warning--articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in rous08
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in SaeediJETC10
Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--empty organization in Thornburg01
Warning--empty organization in TUGInstmem
Warning--empty organization in TUGInstmem
Warning--empty organization in CTANacmart
You've used 38 entries,
5981 wiz_defined-function locations,
1922 strings with 26431 characters,
and the built_in function-call counts, 34516 in all, are:
= -- 4300
> -- 816
< -- 4
+ -- 257
- -- 328
* -- 2318
:= -- 3408
add.period$ -- 203
call.type$ -- 38
change.case$ -- 218
chr.to.int$ -- 36
cite$ -- 55
duplicate$ -- 3228
empty$ -- 2290
format.name$ -- 353
if$ -- 8049
int.to.chr$ -- 4
int.to.str$ -- 1
missing$ -- 70
newline$ -- 422
num.names$ -- 259
pop$ -- 1068
preamble$ -- 1
purify$ -- 512
quote$ -- 0
skip$ -- 1190
stack$ -- 0
substring$ -- 2702
swap$ -- 289
text.length$ -- 51
text.prefix$ -- 0
top$ -- 0
type$ -- 912
warning$ -- 19
while$ -- 254
width$ -- 0
write$ -- 861
(There were 21 warnings)

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%%
%% This is file `sample-acmlarge.tex',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% samples.dtx (with options: `all,journal,bibtex,acmlarge')
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%%
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%%
%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
%% with new filenames distinct from sample-acmlarge.tex.
%%
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
%% for copying and modification in the file samples.dtx.
%%
%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
%% in the same archive or directory.)
%%
%%
%% Commands for TeXCount
%TC:macro \cite [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citep [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
%TC:envir table 0 1
%TC:envir table* 0 1
%TC:envir tabular [ignore] word
%TC:envir displaymath 0 word
%TC:envir math 0 word
%TC:envir comment 0 0
%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass
%% command.
%%
%% For submission and review of your manuscript please change the
%% command to \documentclass[manuscript, screen, review]{acmart}.
%%
%% When submitting camera ready or to TAPS, please change the command
%% to \documentclass[sigconf]{acmart} or whichever template is required
%% for your publication.
%%
%%
\documentclass[acmlarge]{acmart}
%%
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form.
\setcopyright{acmlicensed}
\copyrightyear{2018}
\acmYear{2018}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
%%
%% These commands are for a JOURNAL article.
\acmJournal{POMACS}
\acmVolume{37}
\acmNumber{4}
\acmArticle{111}
\acmMonth{8}
%%
%% Submission ID.
%% Use this when submitting an article to a sponsored event. You'll
%% receive a unique submission ID from the organizers
%% of the event, and this ID should be used as the parameter to this command.
%%\acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3}
%%
%% For managing citations, it is recommended to use bibliography
%% files in BibTeX format.
%%
%% You can then either use BibTeX with the ACM-Reference-Format style,
%% or BibLaTeX with the acmnumeric or acmauthoryear sytles, that include
%% support for advanced citation of software artefact from the
%% biblatex-software package, also separately available on CTAN.
%%
%% Look at the sample-*-biblatex.tex files for templates showcasing
%% the biblatex styles.
%%
%%
%% The majority of ACM publications use numbered citations and
%% references. The command \citestyle{authoryear} switches to the
%% "author year" style.
%%
%% If you are preparing content for an event
%% sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH, you must use the "author year" style of
%% citations and references.
%% Uncommenting
%% the next command will enable that style.
%%\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
%%
%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
\begin{document}
%%
%% The "title" command has an optional parameter,
%% allowing the author to define a "short title" to be used in page headers.
\title{The Name of the Title Is Hope}
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
%% Of note is the shared affiliation of the first two authors, and the
%% "authornote" and "authornotemark" commands
%% used to denote shared contribution to the research.
\author{Ben Trovato}
\authornote{Both authors contributed equally to this research.}
\email{trovato@corporation.com}
\orcid{1234-5678-9012}
\author{G.K.M. Tobin}
\authornotemark[1]
\email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
\city{Dublin}
\state{Ohio}
\country{USA}
}
\author{Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{larst@affiliation.org}
\author{Valerie B\'eranger}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Inria Paris-Rocquencourt}
\city{Rocquencourt}
\country{France}
}
\author{Aparna Patel}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Rajiv Gandhi University}
\city{Doimukh}
\state{Arunachal Pradesh}
\country{India}}
\author{Huifen Chan}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Tsinghua University}
\city{Haidian Qu}
\state{Beijing Shi}
\country{China}}
\author{Charles Palmer}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Palmer Research Laboratories}
\city{San Antonio}
\state{Texas}
\country{USA}}
\email{cpalmer@prl.com}
\author{John Smith}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{jsmith@affiliation.org}
\author{Julius P. Kumquat}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Kumquat Consortium}
\city{New York}
\country{USA}}
\email{jpkumquat@consortium.net}
%%
%% By default, the full list of authors will be used in the page
%% headers. Often, this list is too long, and will overlap
%% other information printed in the page headers. This command allows
%% the author to define a more concise list
%% of authors' names for this purpose.
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Trovato et al.}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
A clear and well-documented \LaTeX\ document is presented as an
article formatted for publication by ACM in a conference proceedings
or journal publication. Based on the ``acmart'' document class, this
article presents and explains many of the common variations, as well
as many of the formatting elements an author may use in the
preparation of the documentation of their work.
\end{abstract}
%%
%% The code below is generated by the tool at http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm.
%% Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below.
%%
\begin{CCSXML}
<ccs2012>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.0000000.0000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
</ccs2012>
\end{CCSXML}
\ccsdesc[500]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[300]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[100]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\keywords{Do, Not, Us, This, Code, Put, the, Correct, Terms, for,
Your, Paper}
\received{20 February 2007}
\received[revised]{12 March 2009}
\received[accepted]{5 June 2009}
%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
\maketitle
\section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have been examined, and their unique
features incorporated into this single new template.
If you are new to publishing with ACM, this document is a valuable
guide to the process of preparing your work for publication. If you
have published with ACM before, this document provides insight and
instruction into more recent changes to the article template.
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
for any ACM publication --- conference or journal, and for any stage
of publication, from review to final ``camera-ready'' copy, to the
author's own version, with {\itshape very} few changes to the source.
\section{Template Overview}
As noted in the introduction, the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can
be used to prepare many different kinds of documentation --- a
double-anonymous initial submission of a full-length technical paper, a
two-page SIGGRAPH Emerging Technologies abstract, a ``camera-ready''
journal article, a SIGCHI Extended Abstract, and more --- all by
selecting the appropriate {\itshape template style} and {\itshape
template parameters}.
This document will explain the major features of the document
class. For further information, the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide} is
available from
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}.
\subsection{Template Styles}
The primary parameter given to the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class is
the {\itshape template style} which corresponds to the kind of publication
or SIG publishing the work. This parameter is enclosed in square
brackets and is a part of the {\verb|documentclass|} command:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[STYLE]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
Journals use one of three template styles. All but three ACM journals
use the {\verb|acmsmall|} template style:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{acmsmall}}: The default journal template style.
\item {\texttt{acmlarge}}: Used by JOCCH and TAP.
\item {\texttt{acmtog}}: Used by TOG.
\end{itemize}
The majority of conference proceedings documentation will use the {\verb|acmconf|} template style.
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{sigconf}}: The default proceedings template style.
\item{\texttt{sigchi}}: Used for SIGCHI conference articles.
\item{\texttt{sigplan}}: Used for SIGPLAN conference articles.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Template Parameters}
In addition to specifying the {\itshape template style} to be used in
formatting your work, there are a number of {\itshape template parameters}
which modify some part of the applied template style. A complete list
of these parameters can be found in the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide.}
Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{anonymous,review}}: Suitable for a ``double-anonymous''
conference submission. Anonymizes the work and includes line
numbers. Use with the \texttt{\acmSubmissionID} command to print the
submission's unique ID on each page of the work.
\item{\texttt{authorversion}}: Produces a version of the work suitable
for posting by the author.
\item{\texttt{screen}}: Produces colored hyperlinks.
\end{itemize}
This document uses the following string as the first command in the
source file:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[acmlarge]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Modifications}
Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
{\bfseries Your document will be returned to you for revision if
modifications are discovered.}
\section{Typefaces}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class requires the use of the
``Libertine'' typeface family. Your \TeX\ installation should include
this set of packages. Please do not substitute other typefaces. The
``\verb|lmodern|'' and ``\verb|ltimes|'' packages should not be used,
as they will override the built-in typeface families.
\section{Title Information}
The title of your work should use capital letters appropriately -
\url{https://capitalizemytitle.com/} has useful rules for
capitalization. Use the {\verb|title|} command to define the title of
your work. If your work has a subtitle, define it with the
{\verb|subtitle|} command. Do not insert line breaks in your title.
If your title is lengthy, you must define a short version to be used
in the page headers, to prevent overlapping text. The \verb|title|
command has a ``short title'' parameter:
\begin{verbatim}
\title[short title]{full title}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Authors and Affiliations}
Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
identification. As an exception, multiple authors may share one
affiliation. Authors' names should not be abbreviated; use full first
names wherever possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever
possible.
Grouping authors' names or e-mail addresses, or providing an ``e-mail
alias,'' as shown below, is not acceptable:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{Brooke Aster, David Mehldau}
\email{dave,judy,steve@university.edu}
\email{firstname.lastname@phillips.org}
\end{verbatim}
The \verb|authornote| and \verb|authornotemark| commands allow a note
to apply to multiple authors --- for example, if the first two authors
of an article contributed equally to the work.
If your author list is lengthy, you must define a shortened version of
the list of authors to be used in the page headers, to prevent
overlapping text. The following command should be placed just after
the last \verb|\author{}| definition:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{McCartney, et al.}
\end{verbatim}
Omitting this command will force the use of a concatenated list of all
of the authors' names, which may result in overlapping text in the
page headers.
The article template's documentation, available at
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}, has a
complete explanation of these commands and tips for their effective
use.
Note that authors' addresses are mandatory for journal articles.
\section{Rights Information}
Authors of any work published by ACM will need to complete a rights
form. Depending on the kind of work, and the rights management choice
made by the author, this may be copyright transfer, permission,
license, or an OA (open access) agreement.
Regardless of the rights management choice, the author will receive a
copy of the completed rights form once it has been submitted. This
form contains \LaTeX\ commands that must be copied into the source
document. When the document source is compiled, these commands and
their parameters add formatted text to several areas of the final
document:
\begin{itemize}
\item the ``ACM Reference Format'' text on the first page.
\item the ``rights management'' text on the first page.
\item the conference information in the page header(s).
\end{itemize}
Rights information is unique to the work; if you are preparing several
works for an event, make sure to use the correct set of commands with
each of the works.
The ACM Reference Format text is required for all articles over one
page in length, and is optional for one-page articles (abstracts).
\section{CCS Concepts and User-Defined Keywords}
Two elements of the ``acmart'' document class provide powerful
taxonomic tools for you to help readers find your work in an online
search.
The ACM Computing Classification System ---
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012} --- is a set of
classifiers and concepts that describe the computing
discipline. Authors can select entries from this classification
system, via \url{https://dl.acm.org/ccs/ccs.cfm}, and generate the
commands to be included in the \LaTeX\ source.
User-defined keywords are a comma-separated list of words and phrases
of the authors' choosing, providing a more flexible way of describing
the research being presented.
CCS concepts and user-defined keywords are required for for all
articles over two pages in length, and are optional for one- and
two-page articles (or abstracts).
\section{Sectioning Commands}
Your work should use standard \LaTeX\ sectioning commands:
\verb|section|, \verb|subsection|, \verb|subsubsection|, and
\verb|paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove the numbering
from the commands.
Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is {\bfseries not allowed.}
\section{Tables}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
high-quality tables.
Table captions are placed {\itshape above} the table.
Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite. To
ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and the
table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
\textbf{tabular} environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules. Again,
detailed instructions on \textbf{tabular} material are found in the
\textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
this document.
\begin{table}
\caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
\label{tab:freq}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
\midrule
\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
live area, use the environment \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's
contents and the table caption. As with a single-column table, this
wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
in the printed output of this document.
\begin{table*}
\caption{Some Typical Commands}
\label{tab:commands}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Command &A Number & Comments\\
\midrule
\texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
Always use midrule to separate table header rows from data rows, and
use it only for this purpose. This enables assistive technologies to
recognise table headers and support their users in navigating tables
more easily.
\section{Math Equations}
You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of the three are
discussed in the next sections.
\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
in-text formula. It is produced by the \textbf{math} environment,
which can be invoked with the usual
\texttt{{\char'134}begin\,\ldots{\char'134}end} construction or with
the short form \texttt{\$\,\ldots\$}. You can use any of the symbols
and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a few
examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
\begin{math}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{math},
set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
set in display style. (See next section).
\subsection{Display Equations}
A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \textbf{equation}
environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
\textbf{displaymath} environment.
Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
structures available in \LaTeX\@; this section will just give a couple
of examples of display equations in context. First, consider the
equation, shown as an inline equation above:
\begin{equation}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{equation}
Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
the \textbf{displaymath}
environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1
\end{displaymath}
and follow it with another numbered equation:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f
\end{equation}
just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
\section{Figures}
The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
in the example below.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
\caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
\Description{A woman and a girl in white dresses sit in an open car.}
\end{figure}
Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
the reader.
Figure captions are placed {\itshape below} the figure.
Every figure should also have a figure description unless it is purely
decorative. These descriptions convey what’s in the image to someone
who cannot see it. They are also used by search engine crawlers for
indexing images, and when images cannot be loaded.
A figure description must be unformatted plain text less than 2000
characters long (including spaces). {\bfseries Figure descriptions
should not repeat the figure caption – their purpose is to capture
important information that is not already provided in the caption or
the main text of the paper.} For figures that convey important and
complex new information, a short text description may not be
adequate. More complex alternative descriptions can be placed in an
appendix and referenced in a short figure description. For example,
provide a data table capturing the information in a bar chart, or a
structured list representing a graph. For additional information
regarding how best to write figure descriptions and why doing this is
so important, please see
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/taps/describing-figures/}.
\subsection{The ``Teaser Figure''}
A ``teaser figure'' is an image, or set of images in one figure, that
are placed after all author and affiliation information, and before
the body of the article, spanning the page. If you wish to have such a
figure in your article, place the command immediately before the
\verb|\maketitle| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{teaserfigure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleteaser}
\caption{figure caption}
\Description{figure description}
\end{teaserfigure}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
The use of \BibTeX\ for the preparation and formatting of one's
references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
--- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
article DOI, etc.
The bibliography is included in your source document with these two
commands, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{bibfile}
\end{verbatim}
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
suffix, of the \BibTeX\ file.
Citations and references are numbered by default. A small number of
ACM publications have citations and references formatted in the
``author year'' style; for these exceptions, please include this
command in the {\bfseries preamble} (before the command
``\verb|\begin{document}|'') of your \LaTeX\ source:
\begin{verbatim}
\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
\end{verbatim}
Some examples. A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an
enumerated journal article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire
issue \cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so
Editor00a's series should NOT be present since it has no vol. no.),
a chapter in a divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a
divisible book in a series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as
book \cite{Knuth97}, a couple of articles in a proceedings (of a
conference, symposium, workshop for example) (paginated proceedings
article) \cite{Andler79, Hagerup1993}, a proceedings article with
all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an example of an enumerated
proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an informally published work
\cite{Harel78}, a couple of preprints \cite{Bornmann2019,
AnzarootPBM14}, a doctoral dissertation \cite{Clarkson85}, a
master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online document / world wide web
resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07, Poker06}, a video game
(Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2) \cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05}
and (Case 3) a patent \cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for
publication \cite{rous08}, 'YYYYb'-test for prolific author
\cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other cites might
contain 'duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Boris / Barbara Beeton:
multi-volume works as books \cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A
couple of citations with DOIs:
\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, CTANacmart}.
Artifacts: \cite{R} and \cite{UMassCitations}.
\section{Acknowledgments}
Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
document.
This section has a special environment:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{acks}
...
\end{acks}
\end{verbatim}
so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered {\verb|\section|}; please use the ``{\verb|acks|}'' environment.
\section{Appendices}
If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
document.
Start the appendix with the ``\verb|appendix|'' command:
\begin{verbatim}
\appendix
\end{verbatim}
and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
numbered. This document has two appendices, demonstrating the section
and subsection identification method.
\section{Multi-language papers}
Papers may be written in languages other than English or include
titles, subtitles, keywords and abstracts in different languages (as a
rule, a paper in a language other than English should include an
English title and an English abstract). Use \verb|language=...| for
every language used in the paper. The last language indicated is the
main language of the paper. For example, a French paper with
additional titles and abstracts in English and German may start with
the following command
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[sigconf, language=english, language=german,
language=french]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
The title, subtitle, keywords and abstract will be typeset in the main
language of the paper. The commands \verb|\translatedXXX|, \verb|XXX|
begin title, subtitle and keywords, can be used to set these elements
in the other languages. The environment \verb|translatedabstract| is
used to set the translation of the abstract. These commands and
environment have a mandatory first argument: the language of the
second argument. See \verb|sample-sigconf-i13n.tex| file for examples
of their usage.
\section{SIGCHI Extended Abstracts}
The ``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style (available only in \LaTeX\ and
not in Word) produces a landscape-orientation formatted article, with
a wide left margin. Three environments are available for use with the
``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style, and produce formatted output in
the margin:
\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{sidebar}:] Place formatted text in the margin.
\item[\texttt{marginfigure}:] Place a figure in the margin.
\item[\texttt{margintable}:] Place a table in the margin.
\end{description}
%%
%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acks" environment
%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
%% consistent spelling of the heading.
\begin{acks}
To Robert, for the bagels and explaining CMYK and color spaces.
\end{acks}
%%
%% The next two lines define the bibliography style to be used, and
%% the bibliography file.
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{sample-base}
%%
%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
\appendix
\section{Research Methods}
\subsection{Part One}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi
malesuada, quam in pulvinar varius, metus nunc fermentum urna, id
sollicitudin purus odio sit amet enim. Aliquam ullamcorper eu ipsum
vel mollis. Curabitur quis dictum nisl. Phasellus vel semper risus, et
lacinia dolor. Integer ultricies commodo sem nec semper.
\subsection{Part Two}
Etiam commodo feugiat nisl pulvinar pellentesque. Etiam auctor sodales
ligula, non varius nibh pulvinar semper. Suspendisse nec lectus non
ipsum convallis congue hendrerit vitae sapien. Donec at laoreet
eros. Vivamus non purus placerat, scelerisque diam eu, cursus
ante. Etiam aliquam tortor auctor efficitur mattis.
\section{Online Resources}
Nam id fermentum dui. Suspendisse sagittis tortor a nulla mollis, in
pulvinar ex pretium. Sed interdum orci quis metus euismod, et sagittis
enim maximus. Vestibulum gravida massa ut felis suscipit
congue. Quisque mattis elit a risus ultrices commodo venenatis eget
dui. Etiam sagittis eleifend elementum.
Nam interdum magna at lectus dignissim, ac dignissim lorem
rhoncus. Maecenas eu arcu ac neque placerat aliquam. Nunc pulvinar
massa et mattis lacinia.
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmlarge.tex'.

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[418] Biber.pm:130> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /var/folders/w9/vf6f0h514fl4pcrg8c0pbrt40000gn/T/biber_tmp_4EiD/f82dfb5ed68dfe7bc95e2e367cea4327_39088.utf8, line 56, warning: possible runaway string started at line 55
[418] Biber.pm:130> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /var/folders/w9/vf6f0h514fl4pcrg8c0pbrt40000gn/T/biber_tmp_4EiD/f82dfb5ed68dfe7bc95e2e367cea4327_39088.utf8, line 77, warning: possible runaway string started at line 76
[418] Biber.pm:130> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /var/folders/w9/vf6f0h514fl4pcrg8c0pbrt40000gn/T/biber_tmp_4EiD/f82dfb5ed68dfe7bc95e2e367cea4327_39088.utf8, line 95, warning: possible runaway string started at line 94
[418] Biber.pm:130> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /var/folders/w9/vf6f0h514fl4pcrg8c0pbrt40000gn/T/biber_tmp_4EiD/f82dfb5ed68dfe7bc95e2e367cea4327_39088.utf8, line 102, warning: possible runaway string started at line 101
[418] Biber.pm:130> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /var/folders/w9/vf6f0h514fl4pcrg8c0pbrt40000gn/T/biber_tmp_4EiD/f82dfb5ed68dfe7bc95e2e367cea4327_39088.utf8, line 120, warning: possible runaway string started at line 119
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[418] Biber.pm:130> WARN - legacy month field 'March 21, 2008' in entry 'Novak03' is not an integer - this will probably not sort properly.
[418] Biber.pm:130> WARN - legacy month field 'Jan.-March' in entry 'Lee05' is not an integer - this will probably not sort properly.
[418] Biber.pm:132> INFO - WARNINGS: 10

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%%
%% This is file `sample-acmsmall-biblatex.tex',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
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%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%%
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%%
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%%
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
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%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
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%%
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%%
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\email{trovato@corporation.com}
\orcid{1234-5678-9012}
\author{G.K.M. Tobin}
\authornotemark[1]
\email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
\city{Dublin}
\state{Ohio}
\country{USA}
}
\author{Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{larst@affiliation.org}
\author{Valerie B\'eranger}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Inria Paris-Rocquencourt}
\city{Rocquencourt}
\country{France}
}
\author{Aparna Patel}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Rajiv Gandhi University}
\city{Doimukh}
\state{Arunachal Pradesh}
\country{India}}
\author{Huifen Chan}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Tsinghua University}
\city{Haidian Qu}
\state{Beijing Shi}
\country{China}}
\author{Charles Palmer}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Palmer Research Laboratories}
\city{San Antonio}
\state{Texas}
\country{USA}}
\email{cpalmer@prl.com}
\author{John Smith}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{jsmith@affiliation.org}
\author{Julius P. Kumquat}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Kumquat Consortium}
\city{New York}
\country{USA}}
\email{jpkumquat@consortium.net}
%%
%% By default, the full list of authors will be used in the page
%% headers. Often, this list is too long, and will overlap
%% other information printed in the page headers. This command allows
%% the author to define a more concise list
%% of authors' names for this purpose.
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Trovato et al.}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
A clear and well-documented \LaTeX\ document is presented as an
article formatted for publication by ACM in a conference proceedings
or journal publication. Based on the ``acmart'' document class, this
article presents and explains many of the common variations, as well
as many of the formatting elements an author may use in the
preparation of the documentation of their work.
\end{abstract}
%%
%% The code below is generated by the tool at http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm.
%% Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below.
%%
\begin{CCSXML}
<ccs2012>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.0000000.0000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
</ccs2012>
\end{CCSXML}
\ccsdesc[500]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[300]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[100]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\keywords{Do, Not, Us, This, Code, Put, the, Correct, Terms, for,
Your, Paper}
\received{20 February 2007}
\received[revised]{12 March 2009}
\received[accepted]{5 June 2009}
%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
\maketitle
\section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have been examined, and their unique
features incorporated into this single new template.
If you are new to publishing with ACM, this document is a valuable
guide to the process of preparing your work for publication. If you
have published with ACM before, this document provides insight and
instruction into more recent changes to the article template.
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
for any ACM publication --- conference or journal, and for any stage
of publication, from review to final ``camera-ready'' copy, to the
author's own version, with {\itshape very} few changes to the source.
\section{Template Overview}
As noted in the introduction, the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can
be used to prepare many different kinds of documentation --- a
double-anonymous initial submission of a full-length technical paper, a
two-page SIGGRAPH Emerging Technologies abstract, a ``camera-ready''
journal article, a SIGCHI Extended Abstract, and more --- all by
selecting the appropriate {\itshape template style} and {\itshape
template parameters}.
This document will explain the major features of the document
class. For further information, the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide} is
available from
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}.
\subsection{Template Styles}
The primary parameter given to the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class is
the {\itshape template style} which corresponds to the kind of publication
or SIG publishing the work. This parameter is enclosed in square
brackets and is a part of the {\verb|documentclass|} command:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[STYLE]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
Journals use one of three template styles. All but three ACM journals
use the {\verb|acmsmall|} template style:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{acmsmall}}: The default journal template style.
\item {\texttt{acmlarge}}: Used by JOCCH and TAP.
\item {\texttt{acmtog}}: Used by TOG.
\end{itemize}
The majority of conference proceedings documentation will use the {\verb|acmconf|} template style.
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{sigconf}}: The default proceedings template style.
\item{\texttt{sigchi}}: Used for SIGCHI conference articles.
\item{\texttt{sigplan}}: Used for SIGPLAN conference articles.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Template Parameters}
In addition to specifying the {\itshape template style} to be used in
formatting your work, there are a number of {\itshape template parameters}
which modify some part of the applied template style. A complete list
of these parameters can be found in the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide.}
Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{anonymous,review}}: Suitable for a ``double-anonymous''
conference submission. Anonymizes the work and includes line
numbers. Use with the \texttt{\acmSubmissionID} command to print the
submission's unique ID on each page of the work.
\item{\texttt{authorversion}}: Produces a version of the work suitable
for posting by the author.
\item{\texttt{screen}}: Produces colored hyperlinks.
\end{itemize}
This document uses the following string as the first command in the
source file:
\begin{verbatim}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Modifications}
Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
{\bfseries Your document will be returned to you for revision if
modifications are discovered.}
\section{Typefaces}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class requires the use of the
``Libertine'' typeface family. Your \TeX\ installation should include
this set of packages. Please do not substitute other typefaces. The
``\verb|lmodern|'' and ``\verb|ltimes|'' packages should not be used,
as they will override the built-in typeface families.
\section{Title Information}
The title of your work should use capital letters appropriately -
\url{https://capitalizemytitle.com/} has useful rules for
capitalization. Use the {\verb|title|} command to define the title of
your work. If your work has a subtitle, define it with the
{\verb|subtitle|} command. Do not insert line breaks in your title.
If your title is lengthy, you must define a short version to be used
in the page headers, to prevent overlapping text. The \verb|title|
command has a ``short title'' parameter:
\begin{verbatim}
\title[short title]{full title}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Authors and Affiliations}
Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
identification. As an exception, multiple authors may share one
affiliation. Authors' names should not be abbreviated; use full first
names wherever possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever
possible.
Grouping authors' names or e-mail addresses, or providing an ``e-mail
alias,'' as shown below, is not acceptable:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{Brooke Aster, David Mehldau}
\email{dave,judy,steve@university.edu}
\email{firstname.lastname@phillips.org}
\end{verbatim}
The \verb|authornote| and \verb|authornotemark| commands allow a note
to apply to multiple authors --- for example, if the first two authors
of an article contributed equally to the work.
If your author list is lengthy, you must define a shortened version of
the list of authors to be used in the page headers, to prevent
overlapping text. The following command should be placed just after
the last \verb|\author{}| definition:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{McCartney, et al.}
\end{verbatim}
Omitting this command will force the use of a concatenated list of all
of the authors' names, which may result in overlapping text in the
page headers.
The article template's documentation, available at
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}, has a
complete explanation of these commands and tips for their effective
use.
Note that authors' addresses are mandatory for journal articles.
\section{Rights Information}
Authors of any work published by ACM will need to complete a rights
form. Depending on the kind of work, and the rights management choice
made by the author, this may be copyright transfer, permission,
license, or an OA (open access) agreement.
Regardless of the rights management choice, the author will receive a
copy of the completed rights form once it has been submitted. This
form contains \LaTeX\ commands that must be copied into the source
document. When the document source is compiled, these commands and
their parameters add formatted text to several areas of the final
document:
\begin{itemize}
\item the ``ACM Reference Format'' text on the first page.
\item the ``rights management'' text on the first page.
\item the conference information in the page header(s).
\end{itemize}
Rights information is unique to the work; if you are preparing several
works for an event, make sure to use the correct set of commands with
each of the works.
The ACM Reference Format text is required for all articles over one
page in length, and is optional for one-page articles (abstracts).
\section{CCS Concepts and User-Defined Keywords}
Two elements of the ``acmart'' document class provide powerful
taxonomic tools for you to help readers find your work in an online
search.
The ACM Computing Classification System ---
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012} --- is a set of
classifiers and concepts that describe the computing
discipline. Authors can select entries from this classification
system, via \url{https://dl.acm.org/ccs/ccs.cfm}, and generate the
commands to be included in the \LaTeX\ source.
User-defined keywords are a comma-separated list of words and phrases
of the authors' choosing, providing a more flexible way of describing
the research being presented.
CCS concepts and user-defined keywords are required for for all
articles over two pages in length, and are optional for one- and
two-page articles (or abstracts).
\section{Sectioning Commands}
Your work should use standard \LaTeX\ sectioning commands:
\verb|section|, \verb|subsection|, \verb|subsubsection|, and
\verb|paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove the numbering
from the commands.
Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is {\bfseries not allowed.}
\section{Tables}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
high-quality tables.
Table captions are placed {\itshape above} the table.
Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite. To
ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and the
table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
\textbf{tabular} environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules. Again,
detailed instructions on \textbf{tabular} material are found in the
\textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
this document.
\begin{table}
\caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
\label{tab:freq}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
\midrule
\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
live area, use the environment \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's
contents and the table caption. As with a single-column table, this
wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
in the printed output of this document.
\begin{table*}
\caption{Some Typical Commands}
\label{tab:commands}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Command &A Number & Comments\\
\midrule
\texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
Always use midrule to separate table header rows from data rows, and
use it only for this purpose. This enables assistive technologies to
recognise table headers and support their users in navigating tables
more easily.
\section{Math Equations}
You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of the three are
discussed in the next sections.
\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
in-text formula. It is produced by the \textbf{math} environment,
which can be invoked with the usual
\texttt{{\char'134}begin\,\ldots{\char'134}end} construction or with
the short form \texttt{\$\,\ldots\$}. You can use any of the symbols
and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a few
examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
\begin{math}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{math},
set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
set in display style. (See next section).
\subsection{Display Equations}
A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \textbf{equation}
environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
\textbf{displaymath} environment.
Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
structures available in \LaTeX\@; this section will just give a couple
of examples of display equations in context. First, consider the
equation, shown as an inline equation above:
\begin{equation}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{equation}
Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
the \textbf{displaymath}
environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1
\end{displaymath}
and follow it with another numbered equation:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f
\end{equation}
just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
\section{Figures}
The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
in the example below.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
\caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
\Description{A woman and a girl in white dresses sit in an open car.}
\end{figure}
Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
the reader.
Figure captions are placed {\itshape below} the figure.
Every figure should also have a figure description unless it is purely
decorative. These descriptions convey what’s in the image to someone
who cannot see it. They are also used by search engine crawlers for
indexing images, and when images cannot be loaded.
A figure description must be unformatted plain text less than 2000
characters long (including spaces). {\bfseries Figure descriptions
should not repeat the figure caption – their purpose is to capture
important information that is not already provided in the caption or
the main text of the paper.} For figures that convey important and
complex new information, a short text description may not be
adequate. More complex alternative descriptions can be placed in an
appendix and referenced in a short figure description. For example,
provide a data table capturing the information in a bar chart, or a
structured list representing a graph. For additional information
regarding how best to write figure descriptions and why doing this is
so important, please see
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/taps/describing-figures/}.
\subsection{The ``Teaser Figure''}
A ``teaser figure'' is an image, or set of images in one figure, that
are placed after all author and affiliation information, and before
the body of the article, spanning the page. If you wish to have such a
figure in your article, place the command immediately before the
\verb|\maketitle| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{teaserfigure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleteaser}
\caption{figure caption}
\Description{figure description}
\end{teaserfigure}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
The use of \BibTeX\ for the preparation and formatting of one's
references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
--- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
article DOI, etc.
Using the BibLaTeX system, the bibliography is included in your source
document with the following command, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\printbibliography
\end{verbatim}
The command \verb|\addbibresource{bibfile}| declares the \BibTeX\ file to use
in the {\bfseries preamble} (before the command
``\verb|\begin{document}|'') of your \LaTeX\ source
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, \emph{with} the ``\verb|.bib|'' suffix.
Notice that \verb|\addbibresource| takes only one argument: to declare multiple files,
use multiple instances of the command.
Citations and references are numbered by default. A small number of
ACM publications have citations and references formatted in the
``author year'' style; for these exceptions, please pass the option \verb|style=acmauthoryear|
to the \verb|biblatex| package loaded in the {\bfseries preamble} (before the command
``\verb|\begin{document}|'') of your \LaTeX\ source.
Some examples. A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an
enumerated journal article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire
issue \cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so
Editor00a's series should NOT be present since it has no vol. no.),
a chapter in a divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a
divisible book in a series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as
book \cite{Knuth97}, a couple of articles in a proceedings (of a
conference, symposium, workshop for example) (paginated proceedings
article) \cite{Andler79, Hagerup1993}, a proceedings article with
all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an example of an enumerated
proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an informally published work
\cite{Harel78}, a couple of preprints \cite{Bornmann2019,
AnzarootPBM14}, a doctoral dissertation \cite{Clarkson85}, a
master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online document / world wide web
resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07, Poker06}, a video game
(Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2) \cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05}
and (Case 3) a patent \cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for
publication \cite{rous08}, 'YYYYb'-test for prolific author
\cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other cites might
contain 'duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Boris / Barbara Beeton:
multi-volume works as books \cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A
couple of citations with DOIs:
\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, CTANacmart}.
Data Artifacts: \cite{UMassCitations}.
Software project: ~\cite{cgal,delebecque:hal-02090402}. Software Version: ~\cite{gf-tag-sound-repo,}. Software Module: ~\cite{cgal:lp-gi-20a}. Code fragment: ~\cite{simplemapper}.
\section{Acknowledgments}
Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
document.
This section has a special environment:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{acks}
...
\end{acks}
\end{verbatim}
so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered {\verb|\section|}; please use the ``{\verb|acks|}'' environment.
\section{Appendices}
If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
document.
Start the appendix with the ``\verb|appendix|'' command:
\begin{verbatim}
\appendix
\end{verbatim}
and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
numbered. This document has two appendices, demonstrating the section
and subsection identification method.
\section{Multi-language papers}
Papers may be written in languages other than English or include
titles, subtitles, keywords and abstracts in different languages (as a
rule, a paper in a language other than English should include an
English title and an English abstract). Use \verb|language=...| for
every language used in the paper. The last language indicated is the
main language of the paper. For example, a French paper with
additional titles and abstracts in English and German may start with
the following command
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[sigconf, language=english, language=german,
language=french]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
The title, subtitle, keywords and abstract will be typeset in the main
language of the paper. The commands \verb|\translatedXXX|, \verb|XXX|
begin title, subtitle and keywords, can be used to set these elements
in the other languages. The environment \verb|translatedabstract| is
used to set the translation of the abstract. These commands and
environment have a mandatory first argument: the language of the
second argument. See \verb|sample-sigconf-i13n.tex| file for examples
of their usage.
\section{SIGCHI Extended Abstracts}
The ``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style (available only in \LaTeX\ and
not in Word) produces a landscape-orientation formatted article, with
a wide left margin. Three environments are available for use with the
``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style, and produce formatted output in
the margin:
\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{sidebar}:] Place formatted text in the margin.
\item[\texttt{marginfigure}:] Place a figure in the margin.
\item[\texttt{margintable}:] Place a table in the margin.
\end{description}
%%
%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acks" environment
%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
%% consistent spelling of the heading.
\begin{acks}
To Robert, for the bagels and explaining CMYK and color spaces.
\end{acks}
%%
%% Print the bibliography
%%
\printbibliography
%%
%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
\appendix
\section{Research Methods}
\subsection{Part One}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi
malesuada, quam in pulvinar varius, metus nunc fermentum urna, id
sollicitudin purus odio sit amet enim. Aliquam ullamcorper eu ipsum
vel mollis. Curabitur quis dictum nisl. Phasellus vel semper risus, et
lacinia dolor. Integer ultricies commodo sem nec semper.
\subsection{Part Two}
Etiam commodo feugiat nisl pulvinar pellentesque. Etiam auctor sodales
ligula, non varius nibh pulvinar semper. Suspendisse nec lectus non
ipsum convallis congue hendrerit vitae sapien. Donec at laoreet
eros. Vivamus non purus placerat, scelerisque diam eu, cursus
ante. Etiam aliquam tortor auctor efficitur mattis.
\section{Online Resources}
Nam id fermentum dui. Suspendisse sagittis tortor a nulla mollis, in
pulvinar ex pretium. Sed interdum orci quis metus euismod, et sagittis
enim maximus. Vestibulum gravida massa ut felis suscipit
congue. Quisque mattis elit a risus ultrices commodo venenatis eget
dui. Etiam sagittis eleifend elementum.
Nam interdum magna at lectus dignissim, ac dignissim lorem
rhoncus. Maecenas eu arcu ac neque placerat aliquam. Nunc pulvinar
massa et mattis lacinia.
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmsmall-biblatex.tex'.

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\relax
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\gdef\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}}
\global\let\oldnewlabel\newlabel
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{Novak03}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Dave Novak}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2003}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Solder man}. \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}. In
\bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Video Review on Animation theater
Program: Part I - Vol. 145 (July 27--27, 2003)}}. \bibinfo{publisher}{ACM
Press}, \bibinfo{address}{New York, NY}, \bibinfo{pages}{4}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/99.9999/woot07-S422}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555}
\showURL{%
\tempurl}
\bibitem[Obama(2008)]%
{Obama08}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Barack Obama}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{A more perfect union}.
\newblock \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 21, 2008 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Poker-Edge.Com(2006)]%
{Poker06}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Poker-Edge.Com}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2006}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Stats and Analysis}.
\newblock
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.poker-edge.com/stats.php}
\showURL{%
Retrieved June 7, 2006 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[{R Core Team}(2019)]%
{R}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{{R Core Team}}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2019}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{R: A Language and Environment for
Statistical Computing}}.
\newblock R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://www.R-project.org/}
\showURL{%
\tempurl}
\bibitem[Rous(2008)]%
{rous08}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Bernard Rous}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{The Enabling of Digital Libraries}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Digital Libraries}} \bibinfo{volume}{12},
\bibinfo{number}{3}, Article \bibinfo{articleno}{5} (\bibinfo{date}{July}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}).
\newblock
\newblock
\shownote{To appear}.
\bibitem[Saeedi et~al\mbox{.}(2010a)]%
{SaeediMEJ10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Saeedi},
\bibinfo{person}{Morteza~Saheb Zamani}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{Mehdi
Sedighi}.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{a}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{A library-based synthesis methodology for
reversible logic}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Microelectron. J.}} \bibinfo{volume}{41},
\bibinfo{number}{4} (\bibinfo{date}{April} \bibinfo{year}{2010}),
\bibinfo{pages}{185--194}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Saeedi et~al\mbox{.}(2010b)]%
{SaeediJETC10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Saeedi},
\bibinfo{person}{Morteza~Saheb Zamani}, \bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Sedighi},
{and} \bibinfo{person}{Zahra Sasanian}.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{b}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Synthesis of Reversible Circuit Using Cycle-Based
Approach}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.}}
\bibinfo{volume}{6}, \bibinfo{number}{4} (\bibinfo{date}{Dec.}
\bibinfo{year}{2010}).
\newblock
\bibitem[Scientist(2009)]%
{JoeScientist001}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Joseph Scientist}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2009}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{The fountain of youth}.
\newblock
\newblock
\newblock
\shownote{Patent No. 12345, Filed July 1st., 2008, Issued Aug. 9th., 2009}.
\bibitem[Smith(2010)]%
{Smith10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Stan~W. Smith}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{An experiment in bibliographic mark-up: Parsing
metadata for XML export}. In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Proceedings of the
3rd. annual workshop on Librarians and Computers}}
\emph{(\bibinfo{series}{LAC '10}, Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{3})},
\bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Reginald~N. Smythe} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Alexander Noble}} (Eds.). \bibinfo{publisher}{Paparazzi
Press}, \bibinfo{address}{Milan Italy}, \bibinfo{pages}{422--431}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/99.9999/woot07-S422}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Spector(1990)]%
{Spector90}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Asad~Z. Spector}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1990}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Achieving application requirements}.
\newblock In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Distributed Systems}
(\bibinfo{edition}{2nd.} ed.)}, \bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Sape
Mullender}} (Ed.). \bibinfo{publisher}{ACM Press}, \bibinfo{address}{New
York, NY}, \bibinfo{pages}{19--33}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/90417.90738}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Thornburg(2001)]%
{Thornburg01}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Harry Thornburg}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2001}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Introduction to Bayesian Statistics}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/bayes/bayes.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 2, 2005 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[TUG(2017)]%
{TUGInstmem}
TUG \bibinfo{year}{2017}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Institutional members of the {\TeX} Users
Group}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://wwtug.org/instmem.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2017 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Veytsman(2017)]%
{CTANacmart}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Boris Veytsman}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2017}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{acmart---{Class} for typesetting
publications of {ACM}}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/acmart}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2017 from \tempurl}
\end{thebibliography}

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The top-level auxiliary file: sample-acmsmall-conf.aux
The style file: ACM-Reference-Format.bst
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated wiz_functions (elt_size=4) to 6000 items from 3000.
Database file #1: sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "Bornmann2019" isn't style-file defined
--line 1612 of file sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "AnzarootPBM14" isn't style-file defined
--line 1629 of file sample-base.bib
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Warning--empty chapter and pages in Editor00
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Warning--empty author in 2004:ITE:1009386.1010128
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Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in Lee05
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Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in rous08
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Warning--articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in rous08
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Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--empty organization in Thornburg01
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Warning--empty organization in CTANacmart
You've used 38 entries,
5981 wiz_defined-function locations,
1922 strings with 26441 characters,
and the built_in function-call counts, 34516 in all, are:
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call.type$ -- 38
change.case$ -- 218
chr.to.int$ -- 36
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(There were 21 warnings)

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%%
%% This is file `sample-acmsmall-conf.tex',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% samples.dtx (with options: `all,proceedings,bibtex,acmsmall-conf')
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%%
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%%
%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
%% with new filenames distinct from sample-acmsmall-conf.tex.
%%
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
%% for copying and modification in the file samples.dtx.
%%
%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
%% in the same archive or directory.)
%%
%%
%% Commands for TeXCount
%TC:macro \cite [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citep [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
%TC:envir table 0 1
%TC:envir table* 0 1
%TC:envir tabular [ignore] word
%TC:envir displaymath 0 word
%TC:envir math 0 word
%TC:envir comment 0 0
%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass
%% command.
%%
%% For submission and review of your manuscript please change the
%% command to \documentclass[manuscript, screen, review]{acmart}.
%%
%% When submitting camera ready or to TAPS, please change the command
%% to \documentclass[sigconf]{acmart} or whichever template is required
%% for your publication.
%%
%%
\documentclass[acmsmall]{acmart}
%%
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form.
\setcopyright{acmlicensed}
\copyrightyear{2018}
\acmYear{2018}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
%% These commands are for a PROCEEDINGS abstract or paper.
\acmConference[Conference acronym 'XX]{Make sure to enter the correct
conference title from your rights confirmation emai}{June 03--05,
2018}{Woodstock, NY}
%%
%% Uncomment \acmBooktitle if the title of the proceedings is different
%% from ``Proceedings of ...''!
%%
%%\acmBooktitle{Woodstock '18: ACM Symposium on Neural Gaze Detection,
%% June 03--05, 2018, Woodstock, NY}
\acmISBN{978-1-4503-XXXX-X/18/06}
%%
%% Submission ID.
%% Use this when submitting an article to a sponsored event. You'll
%% receive a unique submission ID from the organizers
%% of the event, and this ID should be used as the parameter to this command.
%%\acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3}
%%
%% For managing citations, it is recommended to use bibliography
%% files in BibTeX format.
%%
%% You can then either use BibTeX with the ACM-Reference-Format style,
%% or BibLaTeX with the acmnumeric or acmauthoryear sytles, that include
%% support for advanced citation of software artefact from the
%% biblatex-software package, also separately available on CTAN.
%%
%% Look at the sample-*-biblatex.tex files for templates showcasing
%% the biblatex styles.
%%
%%
%% The majority of ACM publications use numbered citations and
%% references. The command \citestyle{authoryear} switches to the
%% "author year" style.
%%
%% If you are preparing content for an event
%% sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH, you must use the "author year" style of
%% citations and references.
%% Uncommenting
%% the next command will enable that style.
%%\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
%%
%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
\begin{document}
%%
%% The "title" command has an optional parameter,
%% allowing the author to define a "short title" to be used in page headers.
\title{The Name of the Title Is Hope}
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
%% Of note is the shared affiliation of the first two authors, and the
%% "authornote" and "authornotemark" commands
%% used to denote shared contribution to the research.
\author{Ben Trovato}
\authornote{Both authors contributed equally to this research.}
\email{trovato@corporation.com}
\orcid{1234-5678-9012}
\author{G.K.M. Tobin}
\authornotemark[1]
\email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
\city{Dublin}
\state{Ohio}
\country{USA}
}
\author{Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{larst@affiliation.org}
\author{Valerie B\'eranger}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Inria Paris-Rocquencourt}
\city{Rocquencourt}
\country{France}
}
\author{Aparna Patel}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Rajiv Gandhi University}
\city{Doimukh}
\state{Arunachal Pradesh}
\country{India}}
\author{Huifen Chan}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Tsinghua University}
\city{Haidian Qu}
\state{Beijing Shi}
\country{China}}
\author{Charles Palmer}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Palmer Research Laboratories}
\city{San Antonio}
\state{Texas}
\country{USA}}
\email{cpalmer@prl.com}
\author{John Smith}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{jsmith@affiliation.org}
\author{Julius P. Kumquat}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Kumquat Consortium}
\city{New York}
\country{USA}}
\email{jpkumquat@consortium.net}
%%
%% By default, the full list of authors will be used in the page
%% headers. Often, this list is too long, and will overlap
%% other information printed in the page headers. This command allows
%% the author to define a more concise list
%% of authors' names for this purpose.
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Trovato et al.}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
A clear and well-documented \LaTeX\ document is presented as an
article formatted for publication by ACM in a conference proceedings
or journal publication. Based on the ``acmart'' document class, this
article presents and explains many of the common variations, as well
as many of the formatting elements an author may use in the
preparation of the documentation of their work.
\end{abstract}
%%
%% The code below is generated by the tool at http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm.
%% Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below.
%%
\begin{CCSXML}
<ccs2012>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.0000000.0000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
</ccs2012>
\end{CCSXML}
\ccsdesc[500]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[300]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[100]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\keywords{Do, Not, Us, This, Code, Put, the, Correct, Terms, for,
Your, Paper}
%% A "teaser" image appears between the author and affiliation
%% information and the body of the document, and typically spans the
%% page.
\begin{teaserfigure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleteaser}
\caption{Seattle Mariners at Spring Training, 2010.}
\Description{Enjoying the baseball game from the third-base
seats. Ichiro Suzuki preparing to bat.}
\label{fig:teaser}
\end{teaserfigure}
\received{20 February 2007}
\received[revised]{12 March 2009}
\received[accepted]{5 June 2009}
%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
\maketitle
\section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have been examined, and their unique
features incorporated into this single new template.
If you are new to publishing with ACM, this document is a valuable
guide to the process of preparing your work for publication. If you
have published with ACM before, this document provides insight and
instruction into more recent changes to the article template.
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
for any ACM publication --- conference or journal, and for any stage
of publication, from review to final ``camera-ready'' copy, to the
author's own version, with {\itshape very} few changes to the source.
\section{Template Overview}
As noted in the introduction, the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can
be used to prepare many different kinds of documentation --- a
double-anonymous initial submission of a full-length technical paper, a
two-page SIGGRAPH Emerging Technologies abstract, a ``camera-ready''
journal article, a SIGCHI Extended Abstract, and more --- all by
selecting the appropriate {\itshape template style} and {\itshape
template parameters}.
This document will explain the major features of the document
class. For further information, the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide} is
available from
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}.
\subsection{Template Styles}
The primary parameter given to the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class is
the {\itshape template style} which corresponds to the kind of publication
or SIG publishing the work. This parameter is enclosed in square
brackets and is a part of the {\verb|documentclass|} command:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[STYLE]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
Journals use one of three template styles. All but three ACM journals
use the {\verb|acmsmall|} template style:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{acmsmall}}: The default journal template style.
\item {\texttt{acmlarge}}: Used by JOCCH and TAP.
\item {\texttt{acmtog}}: Used by TOG.
\end{itemize}
The majority of conference proceedings documentation will use the {\verb|acmconf|} template style.
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{sigconf}}: The default proceedings template style.
\item{\texttt{sigchi}}: Used for SIGCHI conference articles.
\item{\texttt{sigplan}}: Used for SIGPLAN conference articles.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Template Parameters}
In addition to specifying the {\itshape template style} to be used in
formatting your work, there are a number of {\itshape template parameters}
which modify some part of the applied template style. A complete list
of these parameters can be found in the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide.}
Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{anonymous,review}}: Suitable for a ``double-anonymous''
conference submission. Anonymizes the work and includes line
numbers. Use with the \texttt{\acmSubmissionID} command to print the
submission's unique ID on each page of the work.
\item{\texttt{authorversion}}: Produces a version of the work suitable
for posting by the author.
\item{\texttt{screen}}: Produces colored hyperlinks.
\end{itemize}
This document uses the following string as the first command in the
source file:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[acmsmall]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Modifications}
Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
{\bfseries Your document will be returned to you for revision if
modifications are discovered.}
\section{Typefaces}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class requires the use of the
``Libertine'' typeface family. Your \TeX\ installation should include
this set of packages. Please do not substitute other typefaces. The
``\verb|lmodern|'' and ``\verb|ltimes|'' packages should not be used,
as they will override the built-in typeface families.
\section{Title Information}
The title of your work should use capital letters appropriately -
\url{https://capitalizemytitle.com/} has useful rules for
capitalization. Use the {\verb|title|} command to define the title of
your work. If your work has a subtitle, define it with the
{\verb|subtitle|} command. Do not insert line breaks in your title.
If your title is lengthy, you must define a short version to be used
in the page headers, to prevent overlapping text. The \verb|title|
command has a ``short title'' parameter:
\begin{verbatim}
\title[short title]{full title}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Authors and Affiliations}
Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
identification. As an exception, multiple authors may share one
affiliation. Authors' names should not be abbreviated; use full first
names wherever possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever
possible.
Grouping authors' names or e-mail addresses, or providing an ``e-mail
alias,'' as shown below, is not acceptable:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{Brooke Aster, David Mehldau}
\email{dave,judy,steve@university.edu}
\email{firstname.lastname@phillips.org}
\end{verbatim}
The \verb|authornote| and \verb|authornotemark| commands allow a note
to apply to multiple authors --- for example, if the first two authors
of an article contributed equally to the work.
If your author list is lengthy, you must define a shortened version of
the list of authors to be used in the page headers, to prevent
overlapping text. The following command should be placed just after
the last \verb|\author{}| definition:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{McCartney, et al.}
\end{verbatim}
Omitting this command will force the use of a concatenated list of all
of the authors' names, which may result in overlapping text in the
page headers.
The article template's documentation, available at
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}, has a
complete explanation of these commands and tips for their effective
use.
Note that authors' addresses are mandatory for journal articles.
\section{Rights Information}
Authors of any work published by ACM will need to complete a rights
form. Depending on the kind of work, and the rights management choice
made by the author, this may be copyright transfer, permission,
license, or an OA (open access) agreement.
Regardless of the rights management choice, the author will receive a
copy of the completed rights form once it has been submitted. This
form contains \LaTeX\ commands that must be copied into the source
document. When the document source is compiled, these commands and
their parameters add formatted text to several areas of the final
document:
\begin{itemize}
\item the ``ACM Reference Format'' text on the first page.
\item the ``rights management'' text on the first page.
\item the conference information in the page header(s).
\end{itemize}
Rights information is unique to the work; if you are preparing several
works for an event, make sure to use the correct set of commands with
each of the works.
The ACM Reference Format text is required for all articles over one
page in length, and is optional for one-page articles (abstracts).
\section{CCS Concepts and User-Defined Keywords}
Two elements of the ``acmart'' document class provide powerful
taxonomic tools for you to help readers find your work in an online
search.
The ACM Computing Classification System ---
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012} --- is a set of
classifiers and concepts that describe the computing
discipline. Authors can select entries from this classification
system, via \url{https://dl.acm.org/ccs/ccs.cfm}, and generate the
commands to be included in the \LaTeX\ source.
User-defined keywords are a comma-separated list of words and phrases
of the authors' choosing, providing a more flexible way of describing
the research being presented.
CCS concepts and user-defined keywords are required for for all
articles over two pages in length, and are optional for one- and
two-page articles (or abstracts).
\section{Sectioning Commands}
Your work should use standard \LaTeX\ sectioning commands:
\verb|section|, \verb|subsection|, \verb|subsubsection|, and
\verb|paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove the numbering
from the commands.
Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is {\bfseries not allowed.}
\section{Tables}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
high-quality tables.
Table captions are placed {\itshape above} the table.
Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite. To
ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and the
table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
\textbf{tabular} environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules. Again,
detailed instructions on \textbf{tabular} material are found in the
\textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
this document.
\begin{table}
\caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
\label{tab:freq}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
\midrule
\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
live area, use the environment \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's
contents and the table caption. As with a single-column table, this
wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
in the printed output of this document.
\begin{table*}
\caption{Some Typical Commands}
\label{tab:commands}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Command &A Number & Comments\\
\midrule
\texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
Always use midrule to separate table header rows from data rows, and
use it only for this purpose. This enables assistive technologies to
recognise table headers and support their users in navigating tables
more easily.
\section{Math Equations}
You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of the three are
discussed in the next sections.
\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
in-text formula. It is produced by the \textbf{math} environment,
which can be invoked with the usual
\texttt{{\char'134}begin\,\ldots{\char'134}end} construction or with
the short form \texttt{\$\,\ldots\$}. You can use any of the symbols
and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a few
examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
\begin{math}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{math},
set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
set in display style. (See next section).
\subsection{Display Equations}
A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \textbf{equation}
environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
\textbf{displaymath} environment.
Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
structures available in \LaTeX\@; this section will just give a couple
of examples of display equations in context. First, consider the
equation, shown as an inline equation above:
\begin{equation}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{equation}
Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
the \textbf{displaymath}
environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1
\end{displaymath}
and follow it with another numbered equation:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f
\end{equation}
just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
\section{Figures}
The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
in the example below.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
\caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
\Description{A woman and a girl in white dresses sit in an open car.}
\end{figure}
Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
the reader.
Figure captions are placed {\itshape below} the figure.
Every figure should also have a figure description unless it is purely
decorative. These descriptions convey what’s in the image to someone
who cannot see it. They are also used by search engine crawlers for
indexing images, and when images cannot be loaded.
A figure description must be unformatted plain text less than 2000
characters long (including spaces). {\bfseries Figure descriptions
should not repeat the figure caption – their purpose is to capture
important information that is not already provided in the caption or
the main text of the paper.} For figures that convey important and
complex new information, a short text description may not be
adequate. More complex alternative descriptions can be placed in an
appendix and referenced in a short figure description. For example,
provide a data table capturing the information in a bar chart, or a
structured list representing a graph. For additional information
regarding how best to write figure descriptions and why doing this is
so important, please see
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/taps/describing-figures/}.
\subsection{The ``Teaser Figure''}
A ``teaser figure'' is an image, or set of images in one figure, that
are placed after all author and affiliation information, and before
the body of the article, spanning the page. If you wish to have such a
figure in your article, place the command immediately before the
\verb|\maketitle| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{teaserfigure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleteaser}
\caption{figure caption}
\Description{figure description}
\end{teaserfigure}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
The use of \BibTeX\ for the preparation and formatting of one's
references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
--- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
article DOI, etc.
The bibliography is included in your source document with these two
commands, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{bibfile}
\end{verbatim}
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
suffix, of the \BibTeX\ file.
Citations and references are numbered by default. A small number of
ACM publications have citations and references formatted in the
``author year'' style; for these exceptions, please include this
command in the {\bfseries preamble} (before the command
``\verb|\begin{document}|'') of your \LaTeX\ source:
\begin{verbatim}
\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
\end{verbatim}
Some examples. A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an
enumerated journal article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire
issue \cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so
Editor00a's series should NOT be present since it has no vol. no.),
a chapter in a divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a
divisible book in a series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as
book \cite{Knuth97}, a couple of articles in a proceedings (of a
conference, symposium, workshop for example) (paginated proceedings
article) \cite{Andler79, Hagerup1993}, a proceedings article with
all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an example of an enumerated
proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an informally published work
\cite{Harel78}, a couple of preprints \cite{Bornmann2019,
AnzarootPBM14}, a doctoral dissertation \cite{Clarkson85}, a
master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online document / world wide web
resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07, Poker06}, a video game
(Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2) \cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05}
and (Case 3) a patent \cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for
publication \cite{rous08}, 'YYYYb'-test for prolific author
\cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other cites might
contain 'duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Boris / Barbara Beeton:
multi-volume works as books \cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A
couple of citations with DOIs:
\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, CTANacmart}.
Artifacts: \cite{R} and \cite{UMassCitations}.
\section{Acknowledgments}
Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
document.
This section has a special environment:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{acks}
...
\end{acks}
\end{verbatim}
so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered {\verb|\section|}; please use the ``{\verb|acks|}'' environment.
\section{Appendices}
If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
document.
Start the appendix with the ``\verb|appendix|'' command:
\begin{verbatim}
\appendix
\end{verbatim}
and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
numbered. This document has two appendices, demonstrating the section
and subsection identification method.
\section{Multi-language papers}
Papers may be written in languages other than English or include
titles, subtitles, keywords and abstracts in different languages (as a
rule, a paper in a language other than English should include an
English title and an English abstract). Use \verb|language=...| for
every language used in the paper. The last language indicated is the
main language of the paper. For example, a French paper with
additional titles and abstracts in English and German may start with
the following command
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[sigconf, language=english, language=german,
language=french]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
The title, subtitle, keywords and abstract will be typeset in the main
language of the paper. The commands \verb|\translatedXXX|, \verb|XXX|
begin title, subtitle and keywords, can be used to set these elements
in the other languages. The environment \verb|translatedabstract| is
used to set the translation of the abstract. These commands and
environment have a mandatory first argument: the language of the
second argument. See \verb|sample-sigconf-i13n.tex| file for examples
of their usage.
\section{SIGCHI Extended Abstracts}
The ``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style (available only in \LaTeX\ and
not in Word) produces a landscape-orientation formatted article, with
a wide left margin. Three environments are available for use with the
``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style, and produce formatted output in
the margin:
\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{sidebar}:] Place formatted text in the margin.
\item[\texttt{marginfigure}:] Place a figure in the margin.
\item[\texttt{margintable}:] Place a table in the margin.
\end{description}
%%
%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acks" environment
%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
%% consistent spelling of the heading.
\begin{acks}
To Robert, for the bagels and explaining CMYK and color spaces.
\end{acks}
%%
%% The next two lines define the bibliography style to be used, and
%% the bibliography file.
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{sample-base}
%%
%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
\appendix
\section{Research Methods}
\subsection{Part One}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi
malesuada, quam in pulvinar varius, metus nunc fermentum urna, id
sollicitudin purus odio sit amet enim. Aliquam ullamcorper eu ipsum
vel mollis. Curabitur quis dictum nisl. Phasellus vel semper risus, et
lacinia dolor. Integer ultricies commodo sem nec semper.
\subsection{Part Two}
Etiam commodo feugiat nisl pulvinar pellentesque. Etiam auctor sodales
ligula, non varius nibh pulvinar semper. Suspendisse nec lectus non
ipsum convallis congue hendrerit vitae sapien. Donec at laoreet
eros. Vivamus non purus placerat, scelerisque diam eu, cursus
ante. Etiam aliquam tortor auctor efficitur mattis.
\section{Online Resources}
Nam id fermentum dui. Suspendisse sagittis tortor a nulla mollis, in
pulvinar ex pretium. Sed interdum orci quis metus euismod, et sagittis
enim maximus. Vestibulum gravida massa ut felis suscipit
congue. Quisque mattis elit a risus ultrices commodo venenatis eget
dui. Etiam sagittis eleifend elementum.
Nam interdum magna at lectus dignissim, ac dignissim lorem
rhoncus. Maecenas eu arcu ac neque placerat aliquam. Nunc pulvinar
massa et mattis lacinia.
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmsmall-conf.tex'.

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%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% Do NOT edit. File created by BibTeX with style
%%% ACM-Reference-Format-Journals [18-Jan-2012].
\begin{thebibliography}{38}
%%% ====================================================================
%%% NOTE TO THE USER: you can override these defaults by providing
%%% customized versions of any of these macros before the \bibliography
%%% command. Each of them MUST provide its own final punctuation,
%%% except for \shownote{}, \showDOI{}, and \showURL{}. The latter two
%%% do not use final punctuation, in order to avoid confusing it with
%%% the Web address.
%%%
%%% To suppress output of a particular field, define its macro to expand
%%% to an empty string, or better, \unskip, like this:
%%%
%%% \newcommand{\showDOI}[1]{\unskip} % LaTeX syntax
%%%
%%% \def \showDOI #1{\unskip} % plain TeX syntax
%%%
%%% ====================================================================
\ifx \showCODEN \undefined \def \showCODEN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showDOI \undefined \def \showDOI #1{#1}\fi
\ifx \showISBNx \undefined \def \showISBNx #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showISBNxiii \undefined \def \showISBNxiii #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showISSN \undefined \def \showISSN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \showLCCN \undefined \def \showLCCN #1{\unskip} \fi
\ifx \shownote \undefined \def \shownote #1{#1} \fi
\ifx \showarticletitle \undefined \def \showarticletitle #1{#1} \fi
\ifx \showURL \undefined \def \showURL {\relax} \fi
% The following commands are used for tagged output and should be
% invisible to TeX
\providecommand\bibfield[2]{#2}
\providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}
\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}
\providecommand\showeprint[2][]{arXiv:#2}
\bibitem[Ablamowicz and Fauser(2007)]%
{Ablamowicz07}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Rafal Ablamowicz} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Bertfried Fauser}.} \bibinfo{year}{2007}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{CLIFFORD: a Maple 11 Package for Clifford
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%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass
%% command.
%%
%% For submission and review of your manuscript please change the
%% command to \documentclass[manuscript, screen, review]{acmart}.
%%
%% When submitting camera ready or to TAPS, please change the command
%% to \documentclass[sigconf]{acmart} or whichever template is required
%% for your publication.
%%
%%
\documentclass[acmsmall,screen,review]{acmart}
%%
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form.
\setcopyright{acmlicensed}
\copyrightyear{2018}
\acmYear{2018}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
%%
%% These commands are for a JOURNAL article.
\acmJournal{JACM}
\acmVolume{37}
\acmNumber{4}
\acmArticle{111}
\acmMonth{8}
%%
%% Submission ID.
%% Use this when submitting an article to a sponsored event. You'll
%% receive a unique submission ID from the organizers
%% of the event, and this ID should be used as the parameter to this command.
%%\acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3}
%%
%% For managing citations, it is recommended to use bibliography
%% files in BibTeX format.
%%
%% You can then either use BibTeX with the ACM-Reference-Format style,
%% or BibLaTeX with the acmnumeric or acmauthoryear sytles, that include
%% support for advanced citation of software artefact from the
%% biblatex-software package, also separately available on CTAN.
%%
%% Look at the sample-*-biblatex.tex files for templates showcasing
%% the biblatex styles.
%%
%%
%% The majority of ACM publications use numbered citations and
%% references. The command \citestyle{authoryear} switches to the
%% "author year" style.
%%
%% If you are preparing content for an event
%% sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH, you must use the "author year" style of
%% citations and references.
%% Uncommenting
%% the next command will enable that style.
%%\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
%%
%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
\begin{document}
%%
%% The "title" command has an optional parameter,
%% allowing the author to define a "short title" to be used in page headers.
\title{The Name of the Title Is Hope}
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
%% Of note is the shared affiliation of the first two authors, and the
%% "authornote" and "authornotemark" commands
%% used to denote shared contribution to the research.
\author{Ben Trovato}
\authornote{Both authors contributed equally to this research.}
\email{trovato@corporation.com}
\orcid{1234-5678-9012}
\author{G.K.M. Tobin}
\authornotemark[1]
\email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
\city{Dublin}
\state{Ohio}
\country{USA}
}
\author{Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{larst@affiliation.org}
\author{Valerie B\'eranger}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Inria Paris-Rocquencourt}
\city{Rocquencourt}
\country{France}
}
\author{Aparna Patel}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Rajiv Gandhi University}
\city{Doimukh}
\state{Arunachal Pradesh}
\country{India}}
\author{Huifen Chan}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Tsinghua University}
\city{Haidian Qu}
\state{Beijing Shi}
\country{China}}
\author{Charles Palmer}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Palmer Research Laboratories}
\city{San Antonio}
\state{Texas}
\country{USA}}
\email{cpalmer@prl.com}
\author{John Smith}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{jsmith@affiliation.org}
\author{Julius P. Kumquat}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Kumquat Consortium}
\city{New York}
\country{USA}}
\email{jpkumquat@consortium.net}
%%
%% By default, the full list of authors will be used in the page
%% headers. Often, this list is too long, and will overlap
%% other information printed in the page headers. This command allows
%% the author to define a more concise list
%% of authors' names for this purpose.
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Trovato et al.}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
A clear and well-documented \LaTeX\ document is presented as an
article formatted for publication by ACM in a conference proceedings
or journal publication. Based on the ``acmart'' document class, this
article presents and explains many of the common variations, as well
as many of the formatting elements an author may use in the
preparation of the documentation of their work.
\end{abstract}
%%
%% The code below is generated by the tool at http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm.
%% Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below.
%%
\begin{CCSXML}
<ccs2012>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.0000000.0000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
</ccs2012>
\end{CCSXML}
\ccsdesc[500]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[300]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[100]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\keywords{Do, Not, Us, This, Code, Put, the, Correct, Terms, for,
Your, Paper}
\received{20 February 2007}
\received[revised]{12 March 2009}
\received[accepted]{5 June 2009}
%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
\maketitle
\section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have been examined, and their unique
features incorporated into this single new template.
If you are new to publishing with ACM, this document is a valuable
guide to the process of preparing your work for publication. If you
have published with ACM before, this document provides insight and
instruction into more recent changes to the article template.
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
for any ACM publication --- conference or journal, and for any stage
of publication, from review to final ``camera-ready'' copy, to the
author's own version, with {\itshape very} few changes to the source.
\section{Template Overview}
As noted in the introduction, the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can
be used to prepare many different kinds of documentation --- a
double-anonymous initial submission of a full-length technical paper, a
two-page SIGGRAPH Emerging Technologies abstract, a ``camera-ready''
journal article, a SIGCHI Extended Abstract, and more --- all by
selecting the appropriate {\itshape template style} and {\itshape
template parameters}.
This document will explain the major features of the document
class. For further information, the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide} is
available from
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}.
\subsection{Template Styles}
The primary parameter given to the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class is
the {\itshape template style} which corresponds to the kind of publication
or SIG publishing the work. This parameter is enclosed in square
brackets and is a part of the {\verb|documentclass|} command:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[STYLE]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
Journals use one of three template styles. All but three ACM journals
use the {\verb|acmsmall|} template style:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{acmsmall}}: The default journal template style.
\item {\texttt{acmlarge}}: Used by JOCCH and TAP.
\item {\texttt{acmtog}}: Used by TOG.
\end{itemize}
The majority of conference proceedings documentation will use the {\verb|acmconf|} template style.
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{sigconf}}: The default proceedings template style.
\item{\texttt{sigchi}}: Used for SIGCHI conference articles.
\item{\texttt{sigplan}}: Used for SIGPLAN conference articles.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Template Parameters}
In addition to specifying the {\itshape template style} to be used in
formatting your work, there are a number of {\itshape template parameters}
which modify some part of the applied template style. A complete list
of these parameters can be found in the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide.}
Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{anonymous,review}}: Suitable for a ``double-anonymous''
conference submission. Anonymizes the work and includes line
numbers. Use with the \texttt{\acmSubmissionID} command to print the
submission's unique ID on each page of the work.
\item{\texttt{authorversion}}: Produces a version of the work suitable
for posting by the author.
\item{\texttt{screen}}: Produces colored hyperlinks.
\end{itemize}
This document uses the following string as the first command in the
source file:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[acmsmall,screen,review]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Modifications}
Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
{\bfseries Your document will be returned to you for revision if
modifications are discovered.}
\section{Typefaces}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class requires the use of the
``Libertine'' typeface family. Your \TeX\ installation should include
this set of packages. Please do not substitute other typefaces. The
``\verb|lmodern|'' and ``\verb|ltimes|'' packages should not be used,
as they will override the built-in typeface families.
\section{Title Information}
The title of your work should use capital letters appropriately -
\url{https://capitalizemytitle.com/} has useful rules for
capitalization. Use the {\verb|title|} command to define the title of
your work. If your work has a subtitle, define it with the
{\verb|subtitle|} command. Do not insert line breaks in your title.
If your title is lengthy, you must define a short version to be used
in the page headers, to prevent overlapping text. The \verb|title|
command has a ``short title'' parameter:
\begin{verbatim}
\title[short title]{full title}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Authors and Affiliations}
Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
identification. As an exception, multiple authors may share one
affiliation. Authors' names should not be abbreviated; use full first
names wherever possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever
possible.
Grouping authors' names or e-mail addresses, or providing an ``e-mail
alias,'' as shown below, is not acceptable:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{Brooke Aster, David Mehldau}
\email{dave,judy,steve@university.edu}
\email{firstname.lastname@phillips.org}
\end{verbatim}
The \verb|authornote| and \verb|authornotemark| commands allow a note
to apply to multiple authors --- for example, if the first two authors
of an article contributed equally to the work.
If your author list is lengthy, you must define a shortened version of
the list of authors to be used in the page headers, to prevent
overlapping text. The following command should be placed just after
the last \verb|\author{}| definition:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{McCartney, et al.}
\end{verbatim}
Omitting this command will force the use of a concatenated list of all
of the authors' names, which may result in overlapping text in the
page headers.
The article template's documentation, available at
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}, has a
complete explanation of these commands and tips for their effective
use.
Note that authors' addresses are mandatory for journal articles.
\section{Rights Information}
Authors of any work published by ACM will need to complete a rights
form. Depending on the kind of work, and the rights management choice
made by the author, this may be copyright transfer, permission,
license, or an OA (open access) agreement.
Regardless of the rights management choice, the author will receive a
copy of the completed rights form once it has been submitted. This
form contains \LaTeX\ commands that must be copied into the source
document. When the document source is compiled, these commands and
their parameters add formatted text to several areas of the final
document:
\begin{itemize}
\item the ``ACM Reference Format'' text on the first page.
\item the ``rights management'' text on the first page.
\item the conference information in the page header(s).
\end{itemize}
Rights information is unique to the work; if you are preparing several
works for an event, make sure to use the correct set of commands with
each of the works.
The ACM Reference Format text is required for all articles over one
page in length, and is optional for one-page articles (abstracts).
\section{CCS Concepts and User-Defined Keywords}
Two elements of the ``acmart'' document class provide powerful
taxonomic tools for you to help readers find your work in an online
search.
The ACM Computing Classification System ---
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012} --- is a set of
classifiers and concepts that describe the computing
discipline. Authors can select entries from this classification
system, via \url{https://dl.acm.org/ccs/ccs.cfm}, and generate the
commands to be included in the \LaTeX\ source.
User-defined keywords are a comma-separated list of words and phrases
of the authors' choosing, providing a more flexible way of describing
the research being presented.
CCS concepts and user-defined keywords are required for for all
articles over two pages in length, and are optional for one- and
two-page articles (or abstracts).
\section{Sectioning Commands}
Your work should use standard \LaTeX\ sectioning commands:
\verb|section|, \verb|subsection|, \verb|subsubsection|, and
\verb|paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove the numbering
from the commands.
Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is {\bfseries not allowed.}
\section{Tables}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
high-quality tables.
Table captions are placed {\itshape above} the table.
Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite. To
ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and the
table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
\textbf{tabular} environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules. Again,
detailed instructions on \textbf{tabular} material are found in the
\textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
this document.
\begin{table}
\caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
\label{tab:freq}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
\midrule
\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
live area, use the environment \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's
contents and the table caption. As with a single-column table, this
wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
in the printed output of this document.
\begin{table*}
\caption{Some Typical Commands}
\label{tab:commands}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Command &A Number & Comments\\
\midrule
\texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
Always use midrule to separate table header rows from data rows, and
use it only for this purpose. This enables assistive technologies to
recognise table headers and support their users in navigating tables
more easily.
\section{Math Equations}
You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of the three are
discussed in the next sections.
\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
in-text formula. It is produced by the \textbf{math} environment,
which can be invoked with the usual
\texttt{{\char'134}begin\,\ldots{\char'134}end} construction or with
the short form \texttt{\$\,\ldots\$}. You can use any of the symbols
and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a few
examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
\begin{math}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{math},
set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
set in display style. (See next section).
\subsection{Display Equations}
A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \textbf{equation}
environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
\textbf{displaymath} environment.
Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
structures available in \LaTeX\@; this section will just give a couple
of examples of display equations in context. First, consider the
equation, shown as an inline equation above:
\begin{equation}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{equation}
Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
the \textbf{displaymath}
environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1
\end{displaymath}
and follow it with another numbered equation:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f
\end{equation}
just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
\section{Figures}
The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
in the example below.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
\caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
\Description{A woman and a girl in white dresses sit in an open car.}
\end{figure}
Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
the reader.
Figure captions are placed {\itshape below} the figure.
Every figure should also have a figure description unless it is purely
decorative. These descriptions convey what’s in the image to someone
who cannot see it. They are also used by search engine crawlers for
indexing images, and when images cannot be loaded.
A figure description must be unformatted plain text less than 2000
characters long (including spaces). {\bfseries Figure descriptions
should not repeat the figure caption – their purpose is to capture
important information that is not already provided in the caption or
the main text of the paper.} For figures that convey important and
complex new information, a short text description may not be
adequate. More complex alternative descriptions can be placed in an
appendix and referenced in a short figure description. For example,
provide a data table capturing the information in a bar chart, or a
structured list representing a graph. For additional information
regarding how best to write figure descriptions and why doing this is
so important, please see
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/taps/describing-figures/}.
\subsection{The ``Teaser Figure''}
A ``teaser figure'' is an image, or set of images in one figure, that
are placed after all author and affiliation information, and before
the body of the article, spanning the page. If you wish to have such a
figure in your article, place the command immediately before the
\verb|\maketitle| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{teaserfigure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleteaser}
\caption{figure caption}
\Description{figure description}
\end{teaserfigure}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
The use of \BibTeX\ for the preparation and formatting of one's
references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
--- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
article DOI, etc.
The bibliography is included in your source document with these two
commands, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{bibfile}
\end{verbatim}
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
suffix, of the \BibTeX\ file.
Citations and references are numbered by default. A small number of
ACM publications have citations and references formatted in the
``author year'' style; for these exceptions, please include this
command in the {\bfseries preamble} (before the command
``\verb|\begin{document}|'') of your \LaTeX\ source:
\begin{verbatim}
\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
\end{verbatim}
Some examples. A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an
enumerated journal article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire
issue \cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so
Editor00a's series should NOT be present since it has no vol. no.),
a chapter in a divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a
divisible book in a series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as
book \cite{Knuth97}, a couple of articles in a proceedings (of a
conference, symposium, workshop for example) (paginated proceedings
article) \cite{Andler79, Hagerup1993}, a proceedings article with
all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an example of an enumerated
proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an informally published work
\cite{Harel78}, a couple of preprints \cite{Bornmann2019,
AnzarootPBM14}, a doctoral dissertation \cite{Clarkson85}, a
master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online document / world wide web
resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07, Poker06}, a video game
(Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2) \cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05}
and (Case 3) a patent \cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for
publication \cite{rous08}, 'YYYYb'-test for prolific author
\cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other cites might
contain 'duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Boris / Barbara Beeton:
multi-volume works as books \cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A
couple of citations with DOIs:
\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, CTANacmart}.
Artifacts: \cite{R} and \cite{UMassCitations}.
\section{Acknowledgments}
Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
document.
This section has a special environment:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{acks}
...
\end{acks}
\end{verbatim}
so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered {\verb|\section|}; please use the ``{\verb|acks|}'' environment.
\section{Appendices}
If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
document.
Start the appendix with the ``\verb|appendix|'' command:
\begin{verbatim}
\appendix
\end{verbatim}
and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
numbered. This document has two appendices, demonstrating the section
and subsection identification method.
\section{Multi-language papers}
Papers may be written in languages other than English or include
titles, subtitles, keywords and abstracts in different languages (as a
rule, a paper in a language other than English should include an
English title and an English abstract). Use \verb|language=...| for
every language used in the paper. The last language indicated is the
main language of the paper. For example, a French paper with
additional titles and abstracts in English and German may start with
the following command
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[sigconf, language=english, language=german,
language=french]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
The title, subtitle, keywords and abstract will be typeset in the main
language of the paper. The commands \verb|\translatedXXX|, \verb|XXX|
begin title, subtitle and keywords, can be used to set these elements
in the other languages. The environment \verb|translatedabstract| is
used to set the translation of the abstract. These commands and
environment have a mandatory first argument: the language of the
second argument. See \verb|sample-sigconf-i13n.tex| file for examples
of their usage.
\section{SIGCHI Extended Abstracts}
The ``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style (available only in \LaTeX\ and
not in Word) produces a landscape-orientation formatted article, with
a wide left margin. Three environments are available for use with the
``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style, and produce formatted output in
the margin:
\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{sidebar}:] Place formatted text in the margin.
\item[\texttt{marginfigure}:] Place a figure in the margin.
\item[\texttt{margintable}:] Place a table in the margin.
\end{description}
%%
%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acks" environment
%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
%% consistent spelling of the heading.
\begin{acks}
To Robert, for the bagels and explaining CMYK and color spaces.
\end{acks}
%%
%% The next two lines define the bibliography style to be used, and
%% the bibliography file.
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%%
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\section{Research Methods}
\subsection{Part One}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi
malesuada, quam in pulvinar varius, metus nunc fermentum urna, id
sollicitudin purus odio sit amet enim. Aliquam ullamcorper eu ipsum
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lacinia dolor. Integer ultricies commodo sem nec semper.
\subsection{Part Two}
Etiam commodo feugiat nisl pulvinar pellentesque. Etiam auctor sodales
ligula, non varius nibh pulvinar semper. Suspendisse nec lectus non
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eros. Vivamus non purus placerat, scelerisque diam eu, cursus
ante. Etiam aliquam tortor auctor efficitur mattis.
\section{Online Resources}
Nam id fermentum dui. Suspendisse sagittis tortor a nulla mollis, in
pulvinar ex pretium. Sed interdum orci quis metus euismod, et sagittis
enim maximus. Vestibulum gravida massa ut felis suscipit
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dui. Etiam sagittis eleifend elementum.
Nam interdum magna at lectus dignissim, ac dignissim lorem
rhoncus. Maecenas eu arcu ac neque placerat aliquam. Nunc pulvinar
massa et mattis lacinia.
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmsmall-submission.tex'.

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\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Commun. {ACM}}} \bibinfo{volume}{39},
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\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1137/080734467}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Knuth(1997)]%
{Knuth97}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Donald~E. Knuth}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1997}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 1:
Fundamental Algorithms (3rd. ed.)}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Addison Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.}
\newblock
\bibitem[Kosiur(2001)]%
{Kosiur01}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{David Kosiur}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2001}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Understanding Policy-Based Networking}
(\bibinfo{edition}{2nd.} ed.)}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Wiley}, \bibinfo{address}{New York, NY}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Lamport(1986)]%
{Lamport:LaTeX}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Leslie Lamport}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1986}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{\it {\LaTeX}: A Document Preparation
System}}.
\newblock \bibinfo{publisher}{Addison-Wesley}, \bibinfo{address}{Reading, MA.}
\newblock
\bibitem[Lee(2005)]%
{Lee05}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Newton Lee}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2005}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Interview with Bill Kinder: January 13, 2005}.
\newblock \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Comput. Entertain.}} \bibinfo{volume}{3},
\bibinfo{number}{1}, Article \bibinfo{articleno}{4}
(\bibinfo{date}{Jan.-March} \bibinfo{year}{2005}).
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/1057270.1057278}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Novak(2003)]%
{Novak03}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Dave Novak}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2003}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Solder man}. \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}. In
\bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Video Review on Animation theater
Program: Part I - Vol. 145 (July 27--27, 2003)}}. \bibinfo{publisher}{ACM
Press}, \bibinfo{address}{New York, NY}, \bibinfo{pages}{4}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/99.9999/woot07-S422}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555}
\showURL{%
\tempurl}
\bibitem[Obama(2008)]%
{Obama08}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Barack Obama}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{A more perfect union}.
\newblock \bibinfo{howpublished}{Video}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6528042696351994555}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 21, 2008 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Poker-Edge.Com(2006)]%
{Poker06}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Poker-Edge.Com}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2006}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{Stats and Analysis}.
\newblock
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.poker-edge.com/stats.php}
\showURL{%
Retrieved June 7, 2006 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[{R Core Team}(2019)]%
{R}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{{R Core Team}}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2019}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{R: A Language and Environment for
Statistical Computing}}.
\newblock R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://www.R-project.org/}
\showURL{%
\tempurl}
\bibitem[Rous(2008)]%
{rous08}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Bernard Rous}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{The Enabling of Digital Libraries}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Digital Libraries}} \bibinfo{volume}{12},
\bibinfo{number}{3}, Article \bibinfo{articleno}{5} (\bibinfo{date}{July}
\bibinfo{year}{2008}).
\newblock
\newblock
\shownote{To appear}.
\bibitem[Saeedi et~al\mbox{.}(2010a)]%
{SaeediMEJ10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Saeedi},
\bibinfo{person}{Morteza~Saheb Zamani}, {and} \bibinfo{person}{Mehdi
Sedighi}.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{a}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{A library-based synthesis methodology for
reversible logic}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{Microelectron. J.}} \bibinfo{volume}{41},
\bibinfo{number}{4} (\bibinfo{date}{April} \bibinfo{year}{2010}),
\bibinfo{pages}{185--194}.
\newblock
\bibitem[Saeedi et~al\mbox{.}(2010b)]%
{SaeediJETC10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Saeedi},
\bibinfo{person}{Morteza~Saheb Zamani}, \bibinfo{person}{Mehdi Sedighi},
{and} \bibinfo{person}{Zahra Sasanian}.} \bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{b}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Synthesis of Reversible Circuit Using Cycle-Based
Approach}.
\newblock \bibinfo{journal}{\emph{J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst.}}
\bibinfo{volume}{6}, \bibinfo{number}{4} (\bibinfo{date}{Dec.}
\bibinfo{year}{2010}).
\newblock
\bibitem[Scientist(2009)]%
{JoeScientist001}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Joseph Scientist}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2009}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{title}{The fountain of youth}.
\newblock
\newblock
\newblock
\shownote{Patent No. 12345, Filed July 1st., 2008, Issued Aug. 9th., 2009}.
\bibitem[Smith(2010)]%
{Smith10}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Stan~W. Smith}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2010}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{An experiment in bibliographic mark-up: Parsing
metadata for XML export}. In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Proceedings of the
3rd. annual workshop on Librarians and Computers}}
\emph{(\bibinfo{series}{LAC '10}, Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{3})},
\bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Reginald~N. Smythe} {and}
\bibinfo{person}{Alexander Noble}} (Eds.). \bibinfo{publisher}{Paparazzi
Press}, \bibinfo{address}{Milan Italy}, \bibinfo{pages}{422--431}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/99.9999/woot07-S422}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Spector(1990)]%
{Spector90}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Asad~Z. Spector}.}
\bibinfo{year}{1990}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \showarticletitle{Achieving application requirements}.
\newblock In \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Distributed Systems}
(\bibinfo{edition}{2nd.} ed.)}, \bibfield{editor}{\bibinfo{person}{Sape
Mullender}} (Ed.). \bibinfo{publisher}{ACM Press}, \bibinfo{address}{New
York, NY}, \bibinfo{pages}{19--33}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{https://doi.org/10.1145/90417.90738}
\showDOI{\tempurl}
\bibitem[Thornburg(2001)]%
{Thornburg01}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Harry Thornburg}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2001}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Introduction to Bayesian Statistics}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/bayes/bayes.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved March 2, 2005 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[TUG(2017)]%
{TUGInstmem}
TUG \bibinfo{year}{2017}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{Institutional members of the {\TeX} Users
Group}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://wwtug.org/instmem.html}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2017 from \tempurl}
\bibitem[Veytsman(2017)]%
{CTANacmart}
\bibfield{author}{\bibinfo{person}{Boris Veytsman}.}
\bibinfo{year}{2017}\natexlab{}.
\newblock \bibinfo{booktitle}{\emph{acmart---{Class} for typesetting
publications of {ACM}}}.
\newblock
\urldef\tempurl%
\url{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/acmart}
\showURL{%
Retrieved May 27, 2017 from \tempurl}
\end{thebibliography}

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This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2022)
Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003
The top-level auxiliary file: sample-acmsmall.aux
The style file: ACM-Reference-Format.bst
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated wiz_functions (elt_size=4) to 6000 items from 3000.
Database file #1: sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "Bornmann2019" isn't style-file defined
--line 1612 of file sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "AnzarootPBM14" isn't style-file defined
--line 1629 of file sample-base.bib
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Reallocated glb_str_ptr (elt_size=4) to 20 items from 10.
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Warning--empty organization in Ablamowicz07
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Warning--empty chapter and pages in Editor00
Warning--page numbers missing in Editor00a
Warning--empty author in 2004:ITE:1009386.1010128
Warning--empty address in Knuth97
Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in Lee05
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in Lee05
Warning--articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in Lee05
Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in rous08
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in rous08
Warning--articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in rous08
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in SaeediJETC10
Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--empty organization in Thornburg01
Warning--empty organization in TUGInstmem
Warning--empty organization in TUGInstmem
Warning--empty organization in CTANacmart
You've used 38 entries,
5981 wiz_defined-function locations,
1922 strings with 26431 characters,
and the built_in function-call counts, 34516 in all, are:
= -- 4300
> -- 816
< -- 4
+ -- 257
- -- 328
* -- 2318
:= -- 3408
add.period$ -- 203
call.type$ -- 38
change.case$ -- 218
chr.to.int$ -- 36
cite$ -- 55
duplicate$ -- 3228
empty$ -- 2290
format.name$ -- 353
if$ -- 8049
int.to.chr$ -- 4
int.to.str$ -- 1
missing$ -- 70
newline$ -- 422
num.names$ -- 259
pop$ -- 1068
preamble$ -- 1
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top$ -- 0
type$ -- 912
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width$ -- 0
write$ -- 861
(There were 21 warnings)

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%%
%% This is file `sample-acmsmall.tex',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% samples.dtx (with options: `all,journal,bibtex,acmsmall')
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%%
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%%
%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
%% with new filenames distinct from sample-acmsmall.tex.
%%
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
%% for copying and modification in the file samples.dtx.
%%
%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
%% in the same archive or directory.)
%%
%%
%% Commands for TeXCount
%TC:macro \cite [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citep [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
%TC:envir table 0 1
%TC:envir table* 0 1
%TC:envir tabular [ignore] word
%TC:envir displaymath 0 word
%TC:envir math 0 word
%TC:envir comment 0 0
%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass
%% command.
%%
%% For submission and review of your manuscript please change the
%% command to \documentclass[manuscript, screen, review]{acmart}.
%%
%% When submitting camera ready or to TAPS, please change the command
%% to \documentclass[sigconf]{acmart} or whichever template is required
%% for your publication.
%%
%%
\documentclass[acmsmall]{acmart}
%%
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form.
\setcopyright{acmlicensed}
\copyrightyear{2018}
\acmYear{2018}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
%%
%% These commands are for a JOURNAL article.
\acmJournal{JACM}
\acmVolume{37}
\acmNumber{4}
\acmArticle{111}
\acmMonth{8}
%%
%% Submission ID.
%% Use this when submitting an article to a sponsored event. You'll
%% receive a unique submission ID from the organizers
%% of the event, and this ID should be used as the parameter to this command.
%%\acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3}
%%
%% For managing citations, it is recommended to use bibliography
%% files in BibTeX format.
%%
%% You can then either use BibTeX with the ACM-Reference-Format style,
%% or BibLaTeX with the acmnumeric or acmauthoryear sytles, that include
%% support for advanced citation of software artefact from the
%% biblatex-software package, also separately available on CTAN.
%%
%% Look at the sample-*-biblatex.tex files for templates showcasing
%% the biblatex styles.
%%
%%
%% The majority of ACM publications use numbered citations and
%% references. The command \citestyle{authoryear} switches to the
%% "author year" style.
%%
%% If you are preparing content for an event
%% sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH, you must use the "author year" style of
%% citations and references.
%% Uncommenting
%% the next command will enable that style.
%%\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
%%
%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
\begin{document}
%%
%% The "title" command has an optional parameter,
%% allowing the author to define a "short title" to be used in page headers.
\title{The Name of the Title Is Hope}
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
%% Of note is the shared affiliation of the first two authors, and the
%% "authornote" and "authornotemark" commands
%% used to denote shared contribution to the research.
\author{Ben Trovato}
\authornote{Both authors contributed equally to this research.}
\email{trovato@corporation.com}
\orcid{1234-5678-9012}
\author{G.K.M. Tobin}
\authornotemark[1]
\email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
\city{Dublin}
\state{Ohio}
\country{USA}
}
\author{Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{larst@affiliation.org}
\author{Valerie B\'eranger}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Inria Paris-Rocquencourt}
\city{Rocquencourt}
\country{France}
}
\author{Aparna Patel}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Rajiv Gandhi University}
\city{Doimukh}
\state{Arunachal Pradesh}
\country{India}}
\author{Huifen Chan}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Tsinghua University}
\city{Haidian Qu}
\state{Beijing Shi}
\country{China}}
\author{Charles Palmer}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Palmer Research Laboratories}
\city{San Antonio}
\state{Texas}
\country{USA}}
\email{cpalmer@prl.com}
\author{John Smith}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{jsmith@affiliation.org}
\author{Julius P. Kumquat}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Kumquat Consortium}
\city{New York}
\country{USA}}
\email{jpkumquat@consortium.net}
%%
%% By default, the full list of authors will be used in the page
%% headers. Often, this list is too long, and will overlap
%% other information printed in the page headers. This command allows
%% the author to define a more concise list
%% of authors' names for this purpose.
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Trovato et al.}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
A clear and well-documented \LaTeX\ document is presented as an
article formatted for publication by ACM in a conference proceedings
or journal publication. Based on the ``acmart'' document class, this
article presents and explains many of the common variations, as well
as many of the formatting elements an author may use in the
preparation of the documentation of their work.
\end{abstract}
%%
%% The code below is generated by the tool at http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm.
%% Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below.
%%
\begin{CCSXML}
<ccs2012>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.0000000.0000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
</ccs2012>
\end{CCSXML}
\ccsdesc[500]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[300]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[100]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\keywords{Do, Not, Us, This, Code, Put, the, Correct, Terms, for,
Your, Paper}
\received{20 February 2007}
\received[revised]{12 March 2009}
\received[accepted]{5 June 2009}
%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
\maketitle
\section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have been examined, and their unique
features incorporated into this single new template.
If you are new to publishing with ACM, this document is a valuable
guide to the process of preparing your work for publication. If you
have published with ACM before, this document provides insight and
instruction into more recent changes to the article template.
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
for any ACM publication --- conference or journal, and for any stage
of publication, from review to final ``camera-ready'' copy, to the
author's own version, with {\itshape very} few changes to the source.
\section{Template Overview}
As noted in the introduction, the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can
be used to prepare many different kinds of documentation --- a
double-anonymous initial submission of a full-length technical paper, a
two-page SIGGRAPH Emerging Technologies abstract, a ``camera-ready''
journal article, a SIGCHI Extended Abstract, and more --- all by
selecting the appropriate {\itshape template style} and {\itshape
template parameters}.
This document will explain the major features of the document
class. For further information, the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide} is
available from
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}.
\subsection{Template Styles}
The primary parameter given to the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class is
the {\itshape template style} which corresponds to the kind of publication
or SIG publishing the work. This parameter is enclosed in square
brackets and is a part of the {\verb|documentclass|} command:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[STYLE]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
Journals use one of three template styles. All but three ACM journals
use the {\verb|acmsmall|} template style:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{acmsmall}}: The default journal template style.
\item {\texttt{acmlarge}}: Used by JOCCH and TAP.
\item {\texttt{acmtog}}: Used by TOG.
\end{itemize}
The majority of conference proceedings documentation will use the {\verb|acmconf|} template style.
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{sigconf}}: The default proceedings template style.
\item{\texttt{sigchi}}: Used for SIGCHI conference articles.
\item{\texttt{sigplan}}: Used for SIGPLAN conference articles.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Template Parameters}
In addition to specifying the {\itshape template style} to be used in
formatting your work, there are a number of {\itshape template parameters}
which modify some part of the applied template style. A complete list
of these parameters can be found in the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide.}
Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{anonymous,review}}: Suitable for a ``double-anonymous''
conference submission. Anonymizes the work and includes line
numbers. Use with the \texttt{\acmSubmissionID} command to print the
submission's unique ID on each page of the work.
\item{\texttt{authorversion}}: Produces a version of the work suitable
for posting by the author.
\item{\texttt{screen}}: Produces colored hyperlinks.
\end{itemize}
This document uses the following string as the first command in the
source file:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[acmsmall]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Modifications}
Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
{\bfseries Your document will be returned to you for revision if
modifications are discovered.}
\section{Typefaces}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class requires the use of the
``Libertine'' typeface family. Your \TeX\ installation should include
this set of packages. Please do not substitute other typefaces. The
``\verb|lmodern|'' and ``\verb|ltimes|'' packages should not be used,
as they will override the built-in typeface families.
\section{Title Information}
The title of your work should use capital letters appropriately -
\url{https://capitalizemytitle.com/} has useful rules for
capitalization. Use the {\verb|title|} command to define the title of
your work. If your work has a subtitle, define it with the
{\verb|subtitle|} command. Do not insert line breaks in your title.
If your title is lengthy, you must define a short version to be used
in the page headers, to prevent overlapping text. The \verb|title|
command has a ``short title'' parameter:
\begin{verbatim}
\title[short title]{full title}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Authors and Affiliations}
Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
identification. As an exception, multiple authors may share one
affiliation. Authors' names should not be abbreviated; use full first
names wherever possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever
possible.
Grouping authors' names or e-mail addresses, or providing an ``e-mail
alias,'' as shown below, is not acceptable:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{Brooke Aster, David Mehldau}
\email{dave,judy,steve@university.edu}
\email{firstname.lastname@phillips.org}
\end{verbatim}
The \verb|authornote| and \verb|authornotemark| commands allow a note
to apply to multiple authors --- for example, if the first two authors
of an article contributed equally to the work.
If your author list is lengthy, you must define a shortened version of
the list of authors to be used in the page headers, to prevent
overlapping text. The following command should be placed just after
the last \verb|\author{}| definition:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{McCartney, et al.}
\end{verbatim}
Omitting this command will force the use of a concatenated list of all
of the authors' names, which may result in overlapping text in the
page headers.
The article template's documentation, available at
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}, has a
complete explanation of these commands and tips for their effective
use.
Note that authors' addresses are mandatory for journal articles.
\section{Rights Information}
Authors of any work published by ACM will need to complete a rights
form. Depending on the kind of work, and the rights management choice
made by the author, this may be copyright transfer, permission,
license, or an OA (open access) agreement.
Regardless of the rights management choice, the author will receive a
copy of the completed rights form once it has been submitted. This
form contains \LaTeX\ commands that must be copied into the source
document. When the document source is compiled, these commands and
their parameters add formatted text to several areas of the final
document:
\begin{itemize}
\item the ``ACM Reference Format'' text on the first page.
\item the ``rights management'' text on the first page.
\item the conference information in the page header(s).
\end{itemize}
Rights information is unique to the work; if you are preparing several
works for an event, make sure to use the correct set of commands with
each of the works.
The ACM Reference Format text is required for all articles over one
page in length, and is optional for one-page articles (abstracts).
\section{CCS Concepts and User-Defined Keywords}
Two elements of the ``acmart'' document class provide powerful
taxonomic tools for you to help readers find your work in an online
search.
The ACM Computing Classification System ---
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012} --- is a set of
classifiers and concepts that describe the computing
discipline. Authors can select entries from this classification
system, via \url{https://dl.acm.org/ccs/ccs.cfm}, and generate the
commands to be included in the \LaTeX\ source.
User-defined keywords are a comma-separated list of words and phrases
of the authors' choosing, providing a more flexible way of describing
the research being presented.
CCS concepts and user-defined keywords are required for for all
articles over two pages in length, and are optional for one- and
two-page articles (or abstracts).
\section{Sectioning Commands}
Your work should use standard \LaTeX\ sectioning commands:
\verb|section|, \verb|subsection|, \verb|subsubsection|, and
\verb|paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove the numbering
from the commands.
Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is {\bfseries not allowed.}
\section{Tables}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
high-quality tables.
Table captions are placed {\itshape above} the table.
Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite. To
ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and the
table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
\textbf{tabular} environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules. Again,
detailed instructions on \textbf{tabular} material are found in the
\textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
this document.
\begin{table}
\caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
\label{tab:freq}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
\midrule
\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
live area, use the environment \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's
contents and the table caption. As with a single-column table, this
wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
in the printed output of this document.
\begin{table*}
\caption{Some Typical Commands}
\label{tab:commands}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Command &A Number & Comments\\
\midrule
\texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
Always use midrule to separate table header rows from data rows, and
use it only for this purpose. This enables assistive technologies to
recognise table headers and support their users in navigating tables
more easily.
\section{Math Equations}
You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of the three are
discussed in the next sections.
\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
in-text formula. It is produced by the \textbf{math} environment,
which can be invoked with the usual
\texttt{{\char'134}begin\,\ldots{\char'134}end} construction or with
the short form \texttt{\$\,\ldots\$}. You can use any of the symbols
and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a few
examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
\begin{math}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{math},
set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
set in display style. (See next section).
\subsection{Display Equations}
A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \textbf{equation}
environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
\textbf{displaymath} environment.
Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
structures available in \LaTeX\@; this section will just give a couple
of examples of display equations in context. First, consider the
equation, shown as an inline equation above:
\begin{equation}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{equation}
Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
the \textbf{displaymath}
environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1
\end{displaymath}
and follow it with another numbered equation:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f
\end{equation}
just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
\section{Figures}
The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
in the example below.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
\caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
\Description{A woman and a girl in white dresses sit in an open car.}
\end{figure}
Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
the reader.
Figure captions are placed {\itshape below} the figure.
Every figure should also have a figure description unless it is purely
decorative. These descriptions convey what’s in the image to someone
who cannot see it. They are also used by search engine crawlers for
indexing images, and when images cannot be loaded.
A figure description must be unformatted plain text less than 2000
characters long (including spaces). {\bfseries Figure descriptions
should not repeat the figure caption – their purpose is to capture
important information that is not already provided in the caption or
the main text of the paper.} For figures that convey important and
complex new information, a short text description may not be
adequate. More complex alternative descriptions can be placed in an
appendix and referenced in a short figure description. For example,
provide a data table capturing the information in a bar chart, or a
structured list representing a graph. For additional information
regarding how best to write figure descriptions and why doing this is
so important, please see
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/taps/describing-figures/}.
\subsection{The ``Teaser Figure''}
A ``teaser figure'' is an image, or set of images in one figure, that
are placed after all author and affiliation information, and before
the body of the article, spanning the page. If you wish to have such a
figure in your article, place the command immediately before the
\verb|\maketitle| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{teaserfigure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleteaser}
\caption{figure caption}
\Description{figure description}
\end{teaserfigure}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
The use of \BibTeX\ for the preparation and formatting of one's
references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
--- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
article DOI, etc.
The bibliography is included in your source document with these two
commands, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{bibfile}
\end{verbatim}
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
suffix, of the \BibTeX\ file.
Citations and references are numbered by default. A small number of
ACM publications have citations and references formatted in the
``author year'' style; for these exceptions, please include this
command in the {\bfseries preamble} (before the command
``\verb|\begin{document}|'') of your \LaTeX\ source:
\begin{verbatim}
\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
\end{verbatim}
Some examples. A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an
enumerated journal article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire
issue \cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so
Editor00a's series should NOT be present since it has no vol. no.),
a chapter in a divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a
divisible book in a series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as
book \cite{Knuth97}, a couple of articles in a proceedings (of a
conference, symposium, workshop for example) (paginated proceedings
article) \cite{Andler79, Hagerup1993}, a proceedings article with
all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an example of an enumerated
proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an informally published work
\cite{Harel78}, a couple of preprints \cite{Bornmann2019,
AnzarootPBM14}, a doctoral dissertation \cite{Clarkson85}, a
master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online document / world wide web
resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07, Poker06}, a video game
(Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2) \cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05}
and (Case 3) a patent \cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for
publication \cite{rous08}, 'YYYYb'-test for prolific author
\cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other cites might
contain 'duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Boris / Barbara Beeton:
multi-volume works as books \cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A
couple of citations with DOIs:
\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, CTANacmart}.
Artifacts: \cite{R} and \cite{UMassCitations}.
\section{Acknowledgments}
Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
document.
This section has a special environment:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{acks}
...
\end{acks}
\end{verbatim}
so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered {\verb|\section|}; please use the ``{\verb|acks|}'' environment.
\section{Appendices}
If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
document.
Start the appendix with the ``\verb|appendix|'' command:
\begin{verbatim}
\appendix
\end{verbatim}
and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
numbered. This document has two appendices, demonstrating the section
and subsection identification method.
\section{Multi-language papers}
Papers may be written in languages other than English or include
titles, subtitles, keywords and abstracts in different languages (as a
rule, a paper in a language other than English should include an
English title and an English abstract). Use \verb|language=...| for
every language used in the paper. The last language indicated is the
main language of the paper. For example, a French paper with
additional titles and abstracts in English and German may start with
the following command
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[sigconf, language=english, language=german,
language=french]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
The title, subtitle, keywords and abstract will be typeset in the main
language of the paper. The commands \verb|\translatedXXX|, \verb|XXX|
begin title, subtitle and keywords, can be used to set these elements
in the other languages. The environment \verb|translatedabstract| is
used to set the translation of the abstract. These commands and
environment have a mandatory first argument: the language of the
second argument. See \verb|sample-sigconf-i13n.tex| file for examples
of their usage.
\section{SIGCHI Extended Abstracts}
The ``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style (available only in \LaTeX\ and
not in Word) produces a landscape-orientation formatted article, with
a wide left margin. Three environments are available for use with the
``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style, and produce formatted output in
the margin:
\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{sidebar}:] Place formatted text in the margin.
\item[\texttt{marginfigure}:] Place a figure in the margin.
\item[\texttt{margintable}:] Place a table in the margin.
\end{description}
%%
%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acks" environment
%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
%% consistent spelling of the heading.
\begin{acks}
To Robert, for the bagels and explaining CMYK and color spaces.
\end{acks}
%%
%% The next two lines define the bibliography style to be used, and
%% the bibliography file.
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{sample-base}
%%
%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
\appendix
\section{Research Methods}
\subsection{Part One}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi
malesuada, quam in pulvinar varius, metus nunc fermentum urna, id
sollicitudin purus odio sit amet enim. Aliquam ullamcorper eu ipsum
vel mollis. Curabitur quis dictum nisl. Phasellus vel semper risus, et
lacinia dolor. Integer ultricies commodo sem nec semper.
\subsection{Part Two}
Etiam commodo feugiat nisl pulvinar pellentesque. Etiam auctor sodales
ligula, non varius nibh pulvinar semper. Suspendisse nec lectus non
ipsum convallis congue hendrerit vitae sapien. Donec at laoreet
eros. Vivamus non purus placerat, scelerisque diam eu, cursus
ante. Etiam aliquam tortor auctor efficitur mattis.
\section{Online Resources}
Nam id fermentum dui. Suspendisse sagittis tortor a nulla mollis, in
pulvinar ex pretium. Sed interdum orci quis metus euismod, et sagittis
enim maximus. Vestibulum gravida massa ut felis suscipit
congue. Quisque mattis elit a risus ultrices commodo venenatis eget
dui. Etiam sagittis eleifend elementum.
Nam interdum magna at lectus dignissim, ac dignissim lorem
rhoncus. Maecenas eu arcu ac neque placerat aliquam. Nunc pulvinar
massa et mattis lacinia.
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmsmall.tex'.

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%%
%% This is file `sample-acmsmall.tex',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% samples.dtx (with options: `all,journal,bibtex,acmsmall')
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%%
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%%
%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
%% with new filenames distinct from sample-acmsmall.tex.
%%
%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
%% for copying and modification in the file samples.dtx.
%%
%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
%% in the same archive or directory.)
%%
%%
%% Commands for TeXCount
%TC:macro \cite [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citep [option:text,text]
%TC:macro \citet [option:text,text]
%TC:envir table 0 1
%TC:envir table* 0 1
%TC:envir tabular [ignore] word
%TC:envir displaymath 0 word
%TC:envir math 0 word
%TC:envir comment 0 0
%%
%%
%% The first command in your LaTeX source must be the \documentclass
%% command.
%%
%% For submission and review of your manuscript please change the
%% command to \documentclass[manuscript, screen, review]{acmart}.
%%
%% When submitting camera ready or to TAPS, please change the command
%% to \documentclass[sigconf]{acmart} or whichever template is required
%% for your publication.
%%
%%
\documentclass[acmsmall]{acmart}
%%
%% \BibTeX command to typeset BibTeX logo in the docs
\AtBeginDocument{%
\providecommand\BibTeX{{%
Bib\TeX}}}
%% Rights management information. This information is sent to you
%% when you complete the rights form. These commands have SAMPLE
%% values in them; it is your responsibility as an author to replace
%% the commands and values with those provided to you when you
%% complete the rights form.
\setcopyright{acmlicensed}
\copyrightyear{2018}
\acmYear{2018}
\acmDOI{XXXXXXX.XXXXXXX}
%%
%% These commands are for a JOURNAL article.
\acmJournal{JACM}
\acmVolume{37}
\acmNumber{4}
\acmArticle{111}
\acmMonth{8}
%%
%% Submission ID.
%% Use this when submitting an article to a sponsored event. You'll
%% receive a unique submission ID from the organizers
%% of the event, and this ID should be used as the parameter to this command.
%%\acmSubmissionID{123-A56-BU3}
%%
%% For managing citations, it is recommended to use bibliography
%% files in BibTeX format.
%%
%% You can then either use BibTeX with the ACM-Reference-Format style,
%% or BibLaTeX with the acmnumeric or acmauthoryear sytles, that include
%% support for advanced citation of software artefact from the
%% biblatex-software package, also separately available on CTAN.
%%
%% Look at the sample-*-biblatex.tex files for templates showcasing
%% the biblatex styles.
%%
%%
%% The majority of ACM publications use numbered citations and
%% references. The command \citestyle{authoryear} switches to the
%% "author year" style.
%%
%% If you are preparing content for an event
%% sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH, you must use the "author year" style of
%% citations and references.
%% Uncommenting
%% the next command will enable that style.
%%\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
%%
%% end of the preamble, start of the body of the document source.
\begin{document}
%%
%% The "title" command has an optional parameter,
%% allowing the author to define a "short title" to be used in page headers.
\title{The Name of the Title Is Hope}
%%
%% The "author" command and its associated commands are used to define
%% the authors and their affiliations.
%% Of note is the shared affiliation of the first two authors, and the
%% "authornote" and "authornotemark" commands
%% used to denote shared contribution to the research.
\author{Ben Trovato}
\authornote{Both authors contributed equally to this research.}
\email{trovato@corporation.com}
\orcid{1234-5678-9012}
\author{G.K.M. Tobin}
\authornotemark[1]
\email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}
\streetaddress{P.O. Box 1212}
\city{Dublin}
\state{Ohio}
\country{USA}
\postcode{43017-6221}
}
\author{Lars Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\streetaddress{1 Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Circle}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{larst@affiliation.org}
\author{Valerie B\'eranger}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Inria Paris-Rocquencourt}
\city{Rocquencourt}
\country{France}
}
\author{Aparna Patel}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Rajiv Gandhi University}
\streetaddress{Rono-Hills}
\city{Doimukh}
\state{Arunachal Pradesh}
\country{India}}
\author{Huifen Chan}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Tsinghua University}
\streetaddress{30 Shuangqing Rd}
\city{Haidian Qu}
\state{Beijing Shi}
\country{China}}
\author{Charles Palmer}
\affiliation{%
\institution{Palmer Research Laboratories}
\streetaddress{8600 Datapoint Drive}
\city{San Antonio}
\state{Texas}
\country{USA}
\postcode{78229}}
\email{cpalmer@prl.com}
\author{John Smith}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Group}
\streetaddress{1 Th{\o}rv{\"a}ld Circle}
\city{Hekla}
\country{Iceland}}
\email{jsmith@affiliation.org}
\author{Julius P. Kumquat}
\affiliation{%
\institution{The Kumquat Consortium}
\city{New York}
\country{USA}}
\email{jpkumquat@consortium.net}
%%
%% By default, the full list of authors will be used in the page
%% headers. Often, this list is too long, and will overlap
%% other information printed in the page headers. This command allows
%% the author to define a more concise list
%% of authors' names for this purpose.
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{Trovato et al.}
%%
%% The abstract is a short summary of the work to be presented in the
%% article.
\begin{abstract}
A clear and well-documented \LaTeX\ document is presented as an
article formatted for publication by ACM in a conference proceedings
or journal publication. Based on the ``acmart'' document class, this
article presents and explains many of the common variations, as well
as many of the formatting elements an author may use in the
preparation of the documentation of their work.
\end{abstract}
%%
%% The code below is generated by the tool at http://dl.acm.org/ccs.cfm.
%% Please copy and paste the code instead of the example below.
%%
\begin{CCSXML}
<ccs2012>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.0000000.0000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>500</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>300</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
<concept>
<concept_id>00000000.00000000.00000000</concept_id>
<concept_desc>Do Not Use This Code, Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper</concept_desc>
<concept_significance>100</concept_significance>
</concept>
</ccs2012>
\end{CCSXML}
\ccsdesc[500]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[300]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
\ccsdesc[100]{Do Not Use This Code~Generate the Correct Terms for Your Paper}
%%
%% Keywords. The author(s) should pick words that accurately describe
%% the work being presented. Separate the keywords with commas.
\keywords{Do, Not, Us, This, Code, Put, the, Correct, Terms, for,
Your, Paper}
\received{20 February 2007}
\received[revised]{12 March 2009}
\received[accepted]{5 June 2009}
%%
%% This command processes the author and affiliation and title
%% information and builds the first part of the formatted document.
\maketitle
\section{Introduction}
ACM's consolidated article template, introduced in 2017, provides a
consistent \LaTeX\ style for use across ACM publications, and
incorporates accessibility and metadata-extraction functionality
necessary for future Digital Library endeavors. Numerous ACM and
SIG-specific \LaTeX\ templates have been examined, and their unique
features incorporated into this single new template.
If you are new to publishing with ACM, this document is a valuable
guide to the process of preparing your work for publication. If you
have published with ACM before, this document provides insight and
instruction into more recent changes to the article template.
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can be used to prepare articles
for any ACM publication --- conference or journal, and for any stage
of publication, from review to final ``camera-ready'' copy, to the
author's own version, with {\itshape very} few changes to the source.
\section{Template Overview}
As noted in the introduction, the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class can
be used to prepare many different kinds of documentation --- a
double-anonymous initial submission of a full-length technical paper, a
two-page SIGGRAPH Emerging Technologies abstract, a ``camera-ready''
journal article, a SIGCHI Extended Abstract, and more --- all by
selecting the appropriate {\itshape template style} and {\itshape
template parameters}.
This document will explain the major features of the document
class. For further information, the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide} is
available from
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}.
\subsection{Template Styles}
The primary parameter given to the ``\verb|acmart|'' document class is
the {\itshape template style} which corresponds to the kind of publication
or SIG publishing the work. This parameter is enclosed in square
brackets and is a part of the {\verb|documentclass|} command:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[STYLE]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
Journals use one of three template styles. All but three ACM journals
use the {\verb|acmsmall|} template style:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{acmsmall}}: The default journal template style.
\item {\texttt{acmlarge}}: Used by JOCCH and TAP.
\item {\texttt{acmtog}}: Used by TOG.
\end{itemize}
The majority of conference proceedings documentation will use the {\verb|acmconf|} template style.
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{sigconf}}: The default proceedings template style.
\item{\texttt{sigchi}}: Used for SIGCHI conference articles.
\item{\texttt{sigplan}}: Used for SIGPLAN conference articles.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Template Parameters}
In addition to specifying the {\itshape template style} to be used in
formatting your work, there are a number of {\itshape template parameters}
which modify some part of the applied template style. A complete list
of these parameters can be found in the {\itshape \LaTeX\ User's Guide.}
Frequently-used parameters, or combinations of parameters, include:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\texttt{anonymous,review}}: Suitable for a ``double-anonymous''
conference submission. Anonymizes the work and includes line
numbers. Use with the \texttt{\acmSubmissionID} command to print the
submission's unique ID on each page of the work.
\item{\texttt{authorversion}}: Produces a version of the work suitable
for posting by the author.
\item{\texttt{screen}}: Produces colored hyperlinks.
\end{itemize}
This document uses the following string as the first command in the
source file:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[acmsmall]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Modifications}
Modifying the template --- including but not limited to: adjusting
margins, typeface sizes, line spacing, paragraph and list definitions,
and the use of the \verb|\vspace| command to manually adjust the
vertical spacing between elements of your work --- is not allowed.
{\bfseries Your document will be returned to you for revision if
modifications are discovered.}
\section{Typefaces}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class requires the use of the
``Libertine'' typeface family. Your \TeX\ installation should include
this set of packages. Please do not substitute other typefaces. The
``\verb|lmodern|'' and ``\verb|ltimes|'' packages should not be used,
as they will override the built-in typeface families.
\section{Title Information}
The title of your work should use capital letters appropriately -
\url{https://capitalizemytitle.com/} has useful rules for
capitalization. Use the {\verb|title|} command to define the title of
your work. If your work has a subtitle, define it with the
{\verb|subtitle|} command. Do not insert line breaks in your title.
If your title is lengthy, you must define a short version to be used
in the page headers, to prevent overlapping text. The \verb|title|
command has a ``short title'' parameter:
\begin{verbatim}
\title[short title]{full title}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Authors and Affiliations}
Each author must be defined separately for accurate metadata
identification. As an exception, multiple authors may share one
affiliation. Authors' names should not be abbreviated; use full first
names wherever possible. Include authors' e-mail addresses whenever
possible.
Grouping authors' names or e-mail addresses, or providing an ``e-mail
alias,'' as shown below, is not acceptable:
\begin{verbatim}
\author{Brooke Aster, David Mehldau}
\email{dave,judy,steve@university.edu}
\email{firstname.lastname@phillips.org}
\end{verbatim}
The \verb|authornote| and \verb|authornotemark| commands allow a note
to apply to multiple authors --- for example, if the first two authors
of an article contributed equally to the work.
If your author list is lengthy, you must define a shortened version of
the list of authors to be used in the page headers, to prevent
overlapping text. The following command should be placed just after
the last \verb|\author{}| definition:
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\shortauthors}{McCartney, et al.}
\end{verbatim}
Omitting this command will force the use of a concatenated list of all
of the authors' names, which may result in overlapping text in the
page headers.
The article template's documentation, available at
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template}, has a
complete explanation of these commands and tips for their effective
use.
Note that authors' addresses are mandatory for journal articles.
\section{Rights Information}
Authors of any work published by ACM will need to complete a rights
form. Depending on the kind of work, and the rights management choice
made by the author, this may be copyright transfer, permission,
license, or an OA (open access) agreement.
Regardless of the rights management choice, the author will receive a
copy of the completed rights form once it has been submitted. This
form contains \LaTeX\ commands that must be copied into the source
document. When the document source is compiled, these commands and
their parameters add formatted text to several areas of the final
document:
\begin{itemize}
\item the ``ACM Reference Format'' text on the first page.
\item the ``rights management'' text on the first page.
\item the conference information in the page header(s).
\end{itemize}
Rights information is unique to the work; if you are preparing several
works for an event, make sure to use the correct set of commands with
each of the works.
The ACM Reference Format text is required for all articles over one
page in length, and is optional for one-page articles (abstracts).
\section{CCS Concepts and User-Defined Keywords}
Two elements of the ``acmart'' document class provide powerful
taxonomic tools for you to help readers find your work in an online
search.
The ACM Computing Classification System ---
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/class-2012} --- is a set of
classifiers and concepts that describe the computing
discipline. Authors can select entries from this classification
system, via \url{https://dl.acm.org/ccs/ccs.cfm}, and generate the
commands to be included in the \LaTeX\ source.
User-defined keywords are a comma-separated list of words and phrases
of the authors' choosing, providing a more flexible way of describing
the research being presented.
CCS concepts and user-defined keywords are required for for all
articles over two pages in length, and are optional for one- and
two-page articles (or abstracts).
\section{Sectioning Commands}
Your work should use standard \LaTeX\ sectioning commands:
\verb|section|, \verb|subsection|, \verb|subsubsection|, and
\verb|paragraph|. They should be numbered; do not remove the numbering
from the commands.
Simulating a sectioning command by setting the first word or words of
a paragraph in boldface or italicized text is {\bfseries not allowed.}
\section{Tables}
The ``\verb|acmart|'' document class includes the ``\verb|booktabs|''
package --- \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs} --- for preparing
high-quality tables.
Table captions are placed {\itshape above} the table.
Because tables cannot be split across pages, the best placement for
them is typically the top of the page nearest their initial cite. To
ensure this proper ``floating'' placement of tables, use the
environment \textbf{table} to enclose the table's contents and the
table caption. The contents of the table itself must go in the
\textbf{tabular} environment, to be aligned properly in rows and
columns, with the desired horizontal and vertical rules. Again,
detailed instructions on \textbf{tabular} material are found in the
\textit{\LaTeX\ User's Guide}.
Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:freq} is included in the input file; compare the
placement of the table here with the table in the printed output of
this document.
\begin{table}
\caption{Frequency of Special Characters}
\label{tab:freq}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Non-English or Math&Frequency&Comments\\
\midrule
\O & 1 in 1,000& For Swedish names\\
$\pi$ & 1 in 5& Common in math\\
\$ & 4 in 5 & Used in business\\
$\Psi^2_1$ & 1 in 40,000& Unexplained usage\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
To set a wider table, which takes up the whole width of the page's
live area, use the environment \textbf{table*} to enclose the table's
contents and the table caption. As with a single-column table, this
wide table will ``float'' to a location deemed more
desirable. Immediately following this sentence is the point at which
Table~\ref{tab:commands} is included in the input file; again, it is
instructive to compare the placement of the table here with the table
in the printed output of this document.
\begin{table*}
\caption{Some Typical Commands}
\label{tab:commands}
\begin{tabular}{ccl}
\toprule
Command &A Number & Comments\\
\midrule
\texttt{{\char'134}author} & 100& Author \\
\texttt{{\char'134}table}& 300 & For tables\\
\texttt{{\char'134}table*}& 400& For wider tables\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table*}
Always use midrule to separate table header rows from data rows, and
use it only for this purpose. This enables assistive technologies to
recognise table headers and support their users in navigating tables
more easily.
\section{Math Equations}
You may want to display math equations in three distinct styles:
inline, numbered or non-numbered display. Each of the three are
discussed in the next sections.
\subsection{Inline (In-text) Equations}
A formula that appears in the running text is called an inline or
in-text formula. It is produced by the \textbf{math} environment,
which can be invoked with the usual
\texttt{{\char'134}begin\,\ldots{\char'134}end} construction or with
the short form \texttt{\$\,\ldots\$}. You can use any of the symbols
and structures, from $\alpha$ to $\omega$, available in
\LaTeX~\cite{Lamport:LaTeX}; this section will simply show a few
examples of in-text equations in context. Notice how this equation:
\begin{math}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{math},
set here in in-line math style, looks slightly different when
set in display style. (See next section).
\subsection{Display Equations}
A numbered display equation---one set off by vertical space from the
text and centered horizontally---is produced by the \textbf{equation}
environment. An unnumbered display equation is produced by the
\textbf{displaymath} environment.
Again, in either environment, you can use any of the symbols and
structures available in \LaTeX\@; this section will just give a couple
of examples of display equations in context. First, consider the
equation, shown as an inline equation above:
\begin{equation}
\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty}x=0
\end{equation}
Notice how it is formatted somewhat differently in
the \textbf{displaymath}
environment. Now, we'll enter an unnumbered equation:
\begin{displaymath}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x + 1
\end{displaymath}
and follow it with another numbered equation:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}x_i=\int_{0}^{\pi+2} f
\end{equation}
just to demonstrate \LaTeX's able handling of numbering.
\section{Figures}
The ``\verb|figure|'' environment should be used for figures. One or
more images can be placed within a figure. If your figure contains
third-party material, you must clearly identify it as such, as shown
in the example below.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{sample-franklin}
\caption{1907 Franklin Model D roadster. Photograph by Harris \&
Ewing, Inc. [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons. (\url{https://goo.gl/VLCRBB}).}
\Description{A woman and a girl in white dresses sit in an open car.}
\end{figure}
Your figures should contain a caption which describes the figure to
the reader.
Figure captions are placed {\itshape below} the figure.
Every figure should also have a figure description unless it is purely
decorative. These descriptions convey what’s in the image to someone
who cannot see it. They are also used by search engine crawlers for
indexing images, and when images cannot be loaded.
A figure description must be unformatted plain text less than 2000
characters long (including spaces). {\bfseries Figure descriptions
should not repeat the figure caption – their purpose is to capture
important information that is not already provided in the caption or
the main text of the paper.} For figures that convey important and
complex new information, a short text description may not be
adequate. More complex alternative descriptions can be placed in an
appendix and referenced in a short figure description. For example,
provide a data table capturing the information in a bar chart, or a
structured list representing a graph. For additional information
regarding how best to write figure descriptions and why doing this is
so important, please see
\url{https://www.acm.org/publications/taps/describing-figures/}.
\subsection{The ``Teaser Figure''}
A ``teaser figure'' is an image, or set of images in one figure, that
are placed after all author and affiliation information, and before
the body of the article, spanning the page. If you wish to have such a
figure in your article, place the command immediately before the
\verb|\maketitle| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{teaserfigure}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sampleteaser}
\caption{figure caption}
\Description{figure description}
\end{teaserfigure}
\end{verbatim}
\section{Citations and Bibliographies}
The use of \BibTeX\ for the preparation and formatting of one's
references is strongly recommended. Authors' names should be complete
--- use full first names (``Donald E. Knuth'') not initials
(``D. E. Knuth'') --- and the salient identifying features of a
reference should be included: title, year, volume, number, pages,
article DOI, etc.
The bibliography is included in your source document with these two
commands, placed just before the \verb|\end{document}| command:
\begin{verbatim}
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{bibfile}
\end{verbatim}
where ``\verb|bibfile|'' is the name, without the ``\verb|.bib|''
suffix, of the \BibTeX\ file.
Citations and references are numbered by default. A small number of
ACM publications have citations and references formatted in the
``author year'' style; for these exceptions, please include this
command in the {\bfseries preamble} (before the command
``\verb|\begin{document}|'') of your \LaTeX\ source:
\begin{verbatim}
\citestyle{acmauthoryear}
\end{verbatim}
Some examples. A paginated journal article \cite{Abril07}, an
enumerated journal article \cite{Cohen07}, a reference to an entire
issue \cite{JCohen96}, a monograph (whole book) \cite{Kosiur01}, a
monograph/whole book in a series (see 2a in spec. document)
\cite{Harel79}, a divisible-book such as an anthology or compilation
\cite{Editor00} followed by the same example, however we only output
the series if the volume number is given \cite{Editor00a} (so
Editor00a's series should NOT be present since it has no vol. no.),
a chapter in a divisible book \cite{Spector90}, a chapter in a
divisible book in a series \cite{Douglass98}, a multi-volume work as
book \cite{Knuth97}, a couple of articles in a proceedings (of a
conference, symposium, workshop for example) (paginated proceedings
article) \cite{Andler79, Hagerup1993}, a proceedings article with
all possible elements \cite{Smith10}, an example of an enumerated
proceedings article \cite{VanGundy07}, an informally published work
\cite{Harel78}, a couple of preprints \cite{Bornmann2019,
AnzarootPBM14}, a doctoral dissertation \cite{Clarkson85}, a
master's thesis: \cite{anisi03}, an online document / world wide web
resource \cite{Thornburg01, Ablamowicz07, Poker06}, a video game
(Case 1) \cite{Obama08} and (Case 2) \cite{Novak03} and \cite{Lee05}
and (Case 3) a patent \cite{JoeScientist001}, work accepted for
publication \cite{rous08}, 'YYYYb'-test for prolific author
\cite{SaeediMEJ10} and \cite{SaeediJETC10}. Other cites might
contain 'duplicate' DOI and URLs (some SIAM articles)
\cite{Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Boris / Barbara Beeton:
multi-volume works as books \cite{MR781536} and \cite{MR781537}. A
couple of citations with DOIs:
\cite{2004:ITE:1009386.1010128,Kirschmer:2010:AEI:1958016.1958018}. Online
citations: \cite{TUGInstmem, Thornburg01, CTANacmart}.
Artifacts: \cite{R} and \cite{UMassCitations}.
\section{Acknowledgments}
Identification of funding sources and other support, and thanks to
individuals and groups that assisted in the research and the
preparation of the work should be included in an acknowledgment
section, which is placed just before the reference section in your
document.
This section has a special environment:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{acks}
...
\end{acks}
\end{verbatim}
so that the information contained therein can be more easily collected
during the article metadata extraction phase, and to ensure
consistency in the spelling of the section heading.
Authors should not prepare this section as a numbered or unnumbered {\verb|\section|}; please use the ``{\verb|acks|}'' environment.
\section{Appendices}
If your work needs an appendix, add it before the
``\verb|\end{document}|'' command at the conclusion of your source
document.
Start the appendix with the ``\verb|appendix|'' command:
\begin{verbatim}
\appendix
\end{verbatim}
and note that in the appendix, sections are lettered, not
numbered. This document has two appendices, demonstrating the section
and subsection identification method.
\section{Multi-language papers}
Papers may be written in languages other than English or include
titles, subtitles, keywords and abstracts in different languages (as a
rule, a paper in a language other than English should include an
English title and an English abstract). Use \verb|language=...| for
every language used in the paper. The last language indicated is the
main language of the paper. For example, a French paper with
additional titles and abstracts in English and German may start with
the following command
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[sigconf, language=english, language=german,
language=french]{acmart}
\end{verbatim}
The title, subtitle, keywords and abstract will be typeset in the main
language of the paper. The commands \verb|\translatedXXX|, \verb|XXX|
begin title, subtitle and keywords, can be used to set these elements
in the other languages. The environment \verb|translatedabstract| is
used to set the translation of the abstract. These commands and
environment have a mandatory first argument: the language of the
second argument. See \verb|sample-sigconf-i13n.tex| file for examples
of their usage.
\section{SIGCHI Extended Abstracts}
The ``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style (available only in \LaTeX\ and
not in Word) produces a landscape-orientation formatted article, with
a wide left margin. Three environments are available for use with the
``\verb|sigchi-a|'' template style, and produce formatted output in
the margin:
\begin{description}
\item[\texttt{sidebar}:] Place formatted text in the margin.
\item[\texttt{marginfigure}:] Place a figure in the margin.
\item[\texttt{margintable}:] Place a table in the margin.
\end{description}
%%
%% The acknowledgments section is defined using the "acks" environment
%% (and NOT an unnumbered section). This ensures the proper
%% identification of the section in the article metadata, and the
%% consistent spelling of the heading.
\begin{acks}
To Robert, for the bagels and explaining CMYK and color spaces.
\end{acks}
%%
%% The next two lines define the bibliography style to be used, and
%% the bibliography file.
\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}
\bibliography{sample-base}
%%
%% If your work has an appendix, this is the place to put it.
\appendix
\section{Research Methods}
\subsection{Part One}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi
malesuada, quam in pulvinar varius, metus nunc fermentum urna, id
sollicitudin purus odio sit amet enim. Aliquam ullamcorper eu ipsum
vel mollis. Curabitur quis dictum nisl. Phasellus vel semper risus, et
lacinia dolor. Integer ultricies commodo sem nec semper.
\subsection{Part Two}
Etiam commodo feugiat nisl pulvinar pellentesque. Etiam auctor sodales
ligula, non varius nibh pulvinar semper. Suspendisse nec lectus non
ipsum convallis congue hendrerit vitae sapien. Donec at laoreet
eros. Vivamus non purus placerat, scelerisque diam eu, cursus
ante. Etiam aliquam tortor auctor efficitur mattis.
\section{Online Resources}
Nam id fermentum dui. Suspendisse sagittis tortor a nulla mollis, in
pulvinar ex pretium. Sed interdum orci quis metus euismod, et sagittis
enim maximus. Vestibulum gravida massa ut felis suscipit
congue. Quisque mattis elit a risus ultrices commodo venenatis eget
dui. Etiam sagittis eleifend elementum.
Nam interdum magna at lectus dignissim, ac dignissim lorem
rhoncus. Maecenas eu arcu ac neque placerat aliquam. Nunc pulvinar
massa et mattis lacinia.
\end{document}
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `sample-acmsmall.tex'.

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This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2022)
Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003
The top-level auxiliary file: sample-acmtog-conf.aux
The style file: ACM-Reference-Format.bst
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated wiz_functions (elt_size=4) to 6000 items from 3000.
Database file #1: sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "Bornmann2019" isn't style-file defined
--line 1612 of file sample-base.bib
Warning--entry type for "AnzarootPBM14" isn't style-file defined
--line 1629 of file sample-base.bib
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Reallocated glb_str_ptr (elt_size=4) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated global_strs (elt_size=200001) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated glb_str_end (elt_size=4) to 20 items from 10.
Reallocated singl_function (elt_size=4) to 100 items from 50.
Warning--empty organization in Ablamowicz07
Warning--empty organization in UMassCitations
Warning--empty chapter and pages in Editor00
Warning--page numbers missing in Editor00a
Warning--empty author in 2004:ITE:1009386.1010128
Warning--empty address in Knuth97
Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in Lee05
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in Lee05
Warning--articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in Lee05
Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in rous08
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in rous08
Warning--articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in rous08
Warning--page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in SaeediJETC10
Warning--unrecognized DOI value [99.9999/woot07-S422]
Warning--empty organization in Thornburg01
Warning--empty organization in TUGInstmem
Warning--empty organization in TUGInstmem
Warning--empty organization in CTANacmart
You've used 38 entries,
5981 wiz_defined-function locations,
1922 strings with 26437 characters,
and the built_in function-call counts, 34516 in all, are:
= -- 4300
> -- 816
< -- 4
+ -- 257
- -- 328
* -- 2318
:= -- 3408
add.period$ -- 203
call.type$ -- 38
change.case$ -- 218
chr.to.int$ -- 36
cite$ -- 55
duplicate$ -- 3228
empty$ -- 2290
format.name$ -- 353
if$ -- 8049
int.to.chr$ -- 4
int.to.str$ -- 1
missing$ -- 70
newline$ -- 422
num.names$ -- 259
pop$ -- 1068
preamble$ -- 1
purify$ -- 512
quote$ -- 0
skip$ -- 1190
stack$ -- 0
substring$ -- 2702
swap$ -- 289
text.length$ -- 51
text.prefix$ -- 0
top$ -- 0
type$ -- 912
warning$ -- 19
while$ -- 254
width$ -- 0
write$ -- 861
(There were 21 warnings)

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